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REPORTED SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
REPORTED SPEECH
retells you what someone said
INDIRECT
the original speaker’s words are changed
Mark said that he had gone for a walk the day before.
DIRECT
repeats the exact words the person used
"I went for a walk yesterday," said Mark.
BACKSHIFTING
a verb tense is shifted back for one tense
REQUIRED
if the statement is no longer true
NEVER
for a general truth
OPTIONAL
if it's a fact or an ongoing state
CHANGES
TENSE
MODAL VERBS
would, should, might, could
do not change
OTHER
REPORTING...
YES-NO QUESTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS
if / wether
Mom asked me if I wanted a new jacket or new shoes.
They asked me wether I was having a birthday party or not.
WH-QUESTIONS
"When is your birthday?" -->
She asked when my birthday was.
"What is for homework?" --> My friend asked me what was for homework.
word order
COMMANDS AND ADVICE
infinitive form
command
"Stand up!" --> The teacher ordered them to stand up.
advice
"You should reach out to Monika" --> She advised me to reach out to Monika.
