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Neuro/Cognition: Ischemic CVA - Coggle Diagram
Neuro/Cognition: Ischemic CVA
Pathophysiology/Etiology
Atherosclerotic plaque and formation of blood clots causes cerebral blockage, impairs blood flow and oxygen to the brain.
Cells release lactic acid due to anaerobic metabolism from low ATP and oxygen, making pH more acidotic.
Nerve cells run out of energy to continue ion pumps, causing electrolyte imbalance. Calcium enters the cell while glutamate leaves it due to membrane depolarization.
Destruction of cell membrane and proteins causes apoptosis of cells. Neuronal death increases areas of ischemia.
Immune cells are drawn to site of stroke, causing inflammatory response that worsens injury.
Release free radicals that cause damage and inflammation.
Etiology: High blood pressure and hyperlipidemia causes blockage
Symptoms
Numbness or weakness on face, arm, or leg
Present on one side of body
Altered mental status, confusion
Vision changes
Dizziness, loss of balance
Sudden severe heache
Aphasia
Neurological deficits
Diagnostics/Labs
CT or MRI scan
12-lead ECG
Carotid ultrasound
Complications
Seizures
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Paralysis, immobility
Risk Factors
Increasing age
Male more likely
HTN
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia
Collaborative Treatment
Fibrinolytic therapy to dissolve blood clot
Recombinant t-PA
Maintain respiratory and circulatory stability while addressing underlying causes
Prevention
Anticoagulants
Platelet-inhibiting medications
Statins
Antihypertensives
Endovascular therapy
Surgery (stents)