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A Critique of Current Thinking in Sustainable Tourism Management - Coggle…
A Critique of Current Thinking in Sustainable Tourism Management
The Key Issues In The Sustainable Tourism Debate
Value judgement and lack of factual evidence
Foreign influence in developing country
Emphasis in the physical environment
Physical environment is preventing enough attention being paid to other aspect of sustainable development, namely:
The human resource management of tourism problem enterprises in term of equal, pay and training which are vital to both well being of employee and the sustainable ability of the tourism industry
The economic viability of tourism enterprises
Green tourist
Switching from the us private cars to use public transport
Demonstrating against the environmental impact of new theme parks
Insisting that hotel recycle their waste
Principle of partnership
Concept of partnership in tourism which have taken a number forms:
The Visitor and Convention Burea funded by both the public and private sectors that market tourist destination
Government encourage the industry to take the issue of sustainability seriously via report and conference
Community involvement and local control
These problem have been found:
Community rarely ever speaks with one voice
Professional can sometimes under value or even ignore local views that are the opposite of their own
Conflict that debate within community can be serious and continue for a long time
Visitor management
Visitor management technique to manage tourism areas where it seen having negative impact:
Using interpretation technique to try to direct demand to less use heavily area of the region
Closing road from the time to time sitting car park where the visitor cannot drive into already crowded or environmentally fragile area
Self-contain resort complexes
Concept of carrying capacity
There are several type of carrying capacity, including:
Physical capacity
the number of tourist the place can physically accommodate
Environmental or ecological capacity
the number of tourist can be accommodated before damage begins to be cause to the environmental system
Economic capacity
number of tourist can welcomed before the local community starts to suffer economic problems ex: **increase housing values and land
Social capacity
number of people beyond on the social disruption
Perceptual capacity
number of people a place can welcome before the quality of tourist experience begins to be adversely effected
Power without responsibility
One of the danger of sustainable tourism is that can involve people seeking to have power:
Stop other people to visiting particular places without having to offer them any alternatives
Forces the industry to change it practices in varying ways without having any responsibility for the people who will ultimately pay the prices
Lack of performance indicator
Role of public sector planning
In Europe at least central states planning appears to be retreat for a variety of reasons including the following:
- Skepticism about state planning & alleged lack of achievement
Sustainable Tourism
De-marketing :
-place
-time
-people
Many tourist become aware of the destination from the sources other than promotional literature produced by the destination by themselves: include
friend & relative, social media, tourism industry such as coach operator
Repeat visitor are already aware of the destination
Business tourist did not choose their destination it determined by the demand of their jobs
Technocratic thinking
Be unrealistic in the context of competitive and largely commercial market
Not take account of the political dimension of sustainable tourism in term of who would gain from it and who would pay
Use jargon which may include non specialist with the use of term like
carrying capacity , holistic approaches & host communities
Role of industry
The green tourist more concerned with sustainable tourism rather than consumer:
The sponsorship of sustainable tourism award schemes like
"Tourism for tomorrow
award by British Airways
The international Hotel Environmental initiative which have sought to encourage hoteliers around the world to make their operational practice
greener
Tourist taxes and fares pricing
Use tourist taxes to develop sustainable tourism in main ways:
Charging tourist taxes that are high enough to discourage the tourist from visiting places
Flow from overuse using the fund generate by the tourist taxes to help to pay the maintenance and development of the local tourism infrastructure
The ethics and practicalities of conservation
Tourist education
We are not even yet what sustainable tourism is, so how we can provide guideline that if followed by tourist would help develop more sustainable form of tourism
Eco - tourism
Based on the following characteristic the claims of suc eco tourism product to be sustainable :
The desire of the participant to learn more
The attempt to maximize contact with indigenous people
The small size of most group
Private versus public transport
Tourist choose private than public as example in UK:
Tourist enjoy the flexibility and freedom which using their own cars offer
Public transport often inconvenient because the need to try to pick up point and the fact that consumer has to fix
In the number of year subsidies for public transport has been decline which is taking any price advantage it might have over the private car