Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

CHAPTER 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - inputs
        
        student grades must be entered on machine-scannable forms prepared by the instructor.
        
        -each input must include date,time ,product code ,customer number,and quantity.
        
        -a data entry person at the medical group must input patient services into the billing system.
      - processes
        
        -the student records system must caalculate the GPA at the end of each semester.
        
        -the human resources system must interface properky with the existing payroll system.
        
        -the prescription system must automatically generate an insurance claim form.
      - outputs
        
        -the customer analysis system must produce a quarterly report that identifies changes in ordering patterns or trends with statistical comparisons to the previous four quarters.
        
        -the contact mangement system mus generate a daily reminder list for all sales reps.
        
        the purchasing system must provide suppliers with up-to-date specifications.
      - performance
        
        -the system must support users online simultaneously.
        
        -the student records system must produce class lists within five hours after the end of registration.
        
        -response time must be operational seven days a week,365 days a year.
      - controls
        
        -the system must provide logon security at the operating system level and at the application level.
        
        -an employee record must be added,changed,or deleted only by a member of the human resources department.
        
        -the system must create an error log file that includes the error type,description,and time.
  - - - based on question (4W1H)
        
        1)who ?
        
        2)what?
        
        3)where ?
        
        4)when ?
        
        1)how ??
        
        1 more item...
        
        -when is a procedure performed?
        
        -where are operations being performed ?
        
        -what procedures are being followed?
        
        -who perform each of the procedures are being followed
      - zachman framework for enterprise architecture
        
        helps managers and users understand the model and assures that overall bussiness goals translate into succesful IT projects.
  - - - -plan your observations in advance by preparing a checklist of specific tasks you want to observe and questions you want to ask.
      - consider the following issues when you prepare your list :
        
        -examine each form,record and report
        
        -consider each user who works with the system
    - - -in project where it is desirble to obtain input from a large number of people ,a questionnaire can be a valuable tool.
      - -also called a survey,is a document containing a number of standard questions that can be sent to many individuals
      - 2 TYPE OF QUESTIONNAIRES
        
        1)OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS
        
        2)CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS
    - - -help you understand hoe the current system is supposed to work
        
        -you usually can obtain document samples during interviews with the people who perform that procedures.
    - - STRATIFIED SAMPLE
        
        -select a certain percentage of transactions from each zip code,rather than a fixed number.
      - RANDOM SAMPLE
        
        random sample selects any 20 customers.
      - SYSTEMATIC SAMPLE
        
        -select every tenth customers for review
      - -to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately
    - - -is the important fact-finding tool during the systems analysis phase.an interview is a planned meeting during which you obtain information from another person.
      - -must have the skills needed to plan,conduct ,document ,and evaluate interviews succesfully.
      - after identify the information you need you can begin the interviewing process which consists of 7 step for each interview:
        
        STEP 1
        
        -Determine the people to interview
        
        informal structure
        
        STEP 2
        
        -Establish objectives for the interview.
        
        determined the general idea to be discussed
        
        list the facts you want to gather
        
        STEP 3
        
        -Develop interview questions.
        
        avoid leading questions
        
        open-ended questions
        
        closed-ended questions
        
        range-of-response questions
        
        STEP 4
        
        -Prepare for the interview.
        
        limit the interview to no more than one hour
        
        send a list of topics
        
        ask the interviewee to have samples available
        
        STEP 5
        
        -Conduct the interview
        
        develop a specific plan for the meeting
        
        engaged listening
        
        after the interview,you should summarize the session and seek a confirmation
        
        STEP 6
        
        -Document the interview
        
        note taking should be kept to a minimum
        
        after conducting the interview ,you must record the information quickly.
        
        STEP 7
        
        -Evaluate the interview
        
        in addition to recording the facts obtained in an interview,try to identify any possible biases.
      - sample interview
        
        UNSUCCESSFULL INTERVIEW
        
        -one of the main reasons could be that you and the interviewee did not get along well
        
        -misunderstanding or personality conflict could affect the interview negatively.
        
        your supervisor might contact the interviewee's supervisor ,ask another system analyst to interview the person or find some other way to get the needed information.
    - - -involve a visit to a physical location,called a site visit,where the objective is to observe a system in use at another location.
      - -site visits also are important when considering the purchase of a software package.
  - - - 2 ways to analyze
        
        1)tally sheet
        
        2)summary sheet
  - - - -functional decomposition diagrams (FDD)
      - -unified modelling language (UML)diagrams
  - - - analyst can show bussiness functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.
  - - - 1)use case diagrams
        
        2)sequence diagrams
        
        during requirement modelling,system analyst and users work together to document requirements and model system functions.
        
        -visually represents the interaction between users and the infomation system.