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Reproductive System Kimberly Cardenas Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Kimberly Cardenas Period 1
Major Functions of Reproductive System
Both Male and Female
Bring gametes from male to female through intercourse
Combine genetic information through fertilization
Produce gametes for reproduction
Males produce sperm
Females produce ova (eggs)
Only Female
Support growth of fetus and birth of a baby
Female Reproductive Structures
Internal Genitalia
Fallopian Tubes
Usual site of fertilization; capture oocyte and push it towards the uterus
Uterus
receive, retain, and nourish fertilized egg; deepest layer of wall is shed during menstruation
Ovaries
Produce eggs, secrete female sex hormones, & are the primary female gonads
Vagina
Acts as a birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, & organ of copulation
External Genitalia (aka vulva)
Labia minora: skin folds lying within labia majora
Labia majora: fatty skin folds that are the counterpart of the scrotum
Mons Pubis: fatty tissue above pubic bone
Vestibule: recess within labia minora
Clitoris: counterpart of penis
Disorders Associated with Reproductive System
Cervical Cancer
risk factors: cervical inflammation, STIs, multiple pregnancies
Vaccine against HPV can help prevent this cancer
Chlamydia
Bacterial STI caused by chlamydia trachomatis
Symptoms: urethritis, abnormal discharge, irregular menses, etc
Treatment: antibiotics
Prostate Cancer
3rd most common cancer death in males
Treatment: Surgery, radiation, chemo, and testosterone inhibitors
HPV
Can cause genital warts and cervical cancer
Viral STI treated with vaccines
Male Reproductive Structures
External Genitalia
Penis
Male copulatory organ and allows for excretion of urine and semen
Scrotum
Sac of skin that contains testes
Accessory Ducts
Epididymis
Site of sperm maturation; send sperm into vas deferens
Vas Deferens
Joins with duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory Duct
Propels sperm into the urethra
Urethra
Expels urine and semen from the body
Accessory Glands
Prostate: plays role in sperm activation, produces 1/3 of semen volume
Seminal: contracts during ejaculation, produces seminal fluid
Bulbourethral: neutralizes acidity of urine in urethra
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Both
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Males: helps control production of sperm by stimulating spermatogenesis, & stimulates testicular growth
Females: stimulates egg growth and maturation, produce estrogen, & trigger ovulation
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
secretes LH and FSH
Luteinizing Hormone
Females: triggers ovulation & formation of corpus luteum
Males: causes testosterone production and release
Male
Testosterone
Target the internal organs of the male reproductive system
Triggers the formation of sperm (spermatogenesis)
Induces secondary sex characteristics in males (increase in bone density, deepening of voice, enhanced growth of hair)
Female
Progesterone
Establish & regulates the uterine cycle
helps maintain stratum functionalis
inhibits uterine motility
Maintains early stages of pregnancy
Estrogen
Promotes oogenesis & follicle growth
Induces secondary sex characteristics in females
Drives changes during proliferative phase
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycle
Ovarian Cycle
Ovulation
Secondary oocyte pushed into peritoneal cavity
Egg can be fertilized
Luteal Phase
Corpus luteum is formed and either degenerates or sustains embryo
Follicular phase
Secondary oocyte is formed
Antral follicles grow and dominant follicle is chosen to continue on
Uterine Cycle
Proliferative Phase
Rise in estrogen rebuilds endometrium and produces more progesterone receptors
Ovulation occurs at the end of this phase
Secretory Phase
Endometrium can prepare for implantation
No fertilization: The corpus luteum will degenerate, endometrial cells die, progesterone levels decrease, & cycle starts from beginning
Menstrual Phase
Ovarian hormones are at the lowest levels
Stratum functionalis sheds=menstruation