Concept Map: Reproductive System, Kelly Pazos Per. 6
Major Functions of Female and Male ⭐
Anatomy of Male Reproductive Structures ⭐
Anatomy of Female Reproductive Structures ⭐
The female has the ability to produce the eggs also called ova, which can be fertilized
It also has the conditions to allow the baby develop in the female
Females produce gametes which secrets estrogen as well, when reproducing sperm needs to enter the female
Males produce and maintain while as well as transporting the sperm and the semen, which is the fluid around the sperm to protect it
They also discharge sperm within the female
It also produces the sex hormones and stores the sperm as well.
External Organs: Penis, scrotum, and testicles
the penis and the urethra are both part of the urinary and reproductive systems.
Internal Organs: vas deferns, prostate,and urethra
testes have 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules
There's basal and luminal compartment
Hormones of the Reproductive System ⭐
The urethra and vas deferns are the secondary accessory
testes and sperm are the primary
the coverings of the testes includes tunica albuginea, capsule surrounding the testes
Sperm is the male gamete
External organs: Mon pubis, labia, vestibule, clitoris, labia minora, labia majora
Internal organs: vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary
vagina extends from cervix to exterior of body, located behind bladder and in front of rectum
mons pubis is the fatty pad over the pubic symphysis covered by pubic hair after puberty.
labia majora: outer fold
labia minora: inner fold
the vestibule contains the opening to the urethra and greater vestibular gland also called Bartholins gland that produces mucus
clitoris: contains the erectile tissue, corresponds to the male penis, and can become engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
uterus: hollow organ and receives a fertilized egg, retains the fertilized egg, and nourishes the fertilized egg
uterus includes the body, fundus, and cervix, the cervix is a narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina, or opening into the uterus
The fallopian tube receives the ovulated oocyte, provides a site for fertilization, doesn't physically attach to the ovary, and attached to the uterus.
Male: FSH and LH, Testerone
The FSH and LH stimulate the sertoli cells and interstital cells of Leydig that are in the testes and this facilitates sperm production.
the leydig cells produce testosterone which is also the secondary sexual characteristics
Females: FSH and LH, estrogen, progesterone
FSH and LH cause estrogen and the progesterone to produce
Estrogen is the female primary sex hormone released by the follicle ovary, it stimulates growth of uterus , vaginal, and necessary for ovum maturation
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) which is relleased by hypothalamus the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH (same for males)
FSH stimulates the development and maintain of primary follicle into secondary follicle
LH spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycles ⭐
Reproductive Cycle: Runs 24-35 days, 28 days on the average (can be 18-40 days) There's two cycles
Ovarian Cycle: occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and ovulation of the mature cycle, it is made up of follicular phase (before ovulation) and luteal phase (after ovulation)
Uterine (Menstruation) cycle: occurs in the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum, made up of the menstrual phase and proliferative phase (before ovulation) and secretory phase (after ovulation)
Ovarian Cycle
Folicular Phase: days 1-14, extends from beginning of menstruation until ovulation, FSH causes the follicular cells to develop into primary, follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle
Ovulation: day 14, triggered by sudden spike increase in LH, graafian follicle releases the oocyte, slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation
Luteal Phase: day 15-28, when the follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus luteum which secretes progesterone, some estrogen, and inhibin which surpresses FSH.
Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle
Mestruation: day 1-5, declines of estrogen and progesterone causes the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become isechemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed (through bleeding), lasts 3-5 days
proliferative phase: days 6-14, estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness. thickening allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation
Secretory Phase: days 15-28, in response to rising levels at progesterone by the corpus luteum, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy, uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
progesterone levels drop following decline in LH, leading into menstrual phase for the next month
Disorders associated with the reproductive system ⭐
The untreated Gonorrhea, chlamydia can cause a pelvic inflammatory disease
when an infection is in the reproductive organs, which can lead to infertility or blocked fallopian tubes
erectile dysfunction that causes erectile dysfunction
prostate cancer occurs when the glandular cells of prostate mutate into tumor cells
testicular cancer: often lump or swelling on one of the two testes, usually not painful, if it is it should be dull ache in scrotum or lower abdomen