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Reproductive System- Jaqueline Ornelas - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System- Jaqueline Ornelas
Major Functions
female
Produces the female gamete
Facilates fertilization, supports and nourishes embryo
Prepares for support of developing embryo for pregnancy
Male
delivers sperm into females reproductive system
produces sperms
produce large quantity of male gamete
Male Reproductive system anatomy
Penis
Lubular organ through which distal portion of urethra passes
semen into female reproductiive tract
urine to exterior
regions
root- attached to body wall
shaft- movable portiomn of penis
glans penis- contains urthral opening
prepuce(foreskin)- fold cut off skin around proximal end
Internal Structure
Corpora cavernosa- tissue surrounding blood vessel that contain blood during erection
Corpora spongiosum- surrounds the urethra
Testes
Primary male sex organ
produces sperm
Tunica albuginea- capsule surrounding the testes
septa- extends into testes and divides into lobules
Epididymus
-Comma shaped coiled tube
in superior part of testis
store and mature sperm cells
contractions force sperm into vasdeferens
Vas deferens
carries sperm from epididymus to ejaculatory duct
moves by peritalsis
Vasectomy- cutting ductus deferens at the level of testes to prevent transportation
Bulbourethral Gland(Cowpers Gland)
Located at base of penis below prostate
secretes an alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimultion
5% of semen
Lubricates penis for penetration just before ejaculation
Urethra
sperm enters through ejaculatory duct
7-8 inches long, extending from urinary bladder base to tip of penis
carries both sperm and urine
Prostate gland
secretes milky fluid that helps activate sperm
shape of chestnut and makes up 25% of semen
Female Anatomy of reproductive system
Ovaries
-Primary female sex organ
almond shaped
produce eggs and hormones
cortex= female gamete, the oocyte w/ in follicles
inner medulla= loose connective tissue with large blood vessels and nerves
ovary support
Suspensory ligaments- secure ovary to walls of pelvis
Ovarian Ligament- attach ovary to uterus
Broad ligament-encloses suspensory ligament
Uterine Tube(Fallopian)
receive ovulated oocyte
provide
attached medially to uterus
does not physically attach to ovary
Vagina
extends from cervix to exterior of body
behind bladder and in frony of rectum
serves as birth canal
receives penis during sexual intercourse
External Genitalia(Vulva)
Labia
skin folding around vaginal opening
labia majora- outer fold
labia minora- innerfold
Mons Pubis
fatty ov er pubic symphysis cobered by pubic hair
Vestibule
enclosed by labia majora
has openng to urethra and greater vestibular gland or bartholins glang
Clitoris
contains erectile tissue
can become engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
corresponds to male penis
Uterus
between urinary bladder and rectum
hollow organ
receive fertilized egg
nourish fertilized egg
supports
Broad ligament- attached to pelvis
round ligament- anchor interiorly
uterosacral ligament
endometrium- innerlayer, allows egg implantation
Myometrium middle layer of smooth muscle
perimetrium- outer layer
Dissorders Associated with reproductive system
Prostate Cancer-2nd most cancer with men, triuble urinating, blood in semen, bone pain
menopause- mentrual cycle ceases, 44-55 days, ovaries secrete low levels of estrogen and progesterone
Chlamydia- spread by sexual intercoarse
Gonorrhea- infections in genitals, rectum and throat
Events of female hormonal cycles
Ovarian cycle
follicular phase- beginning of menstruation until ovulation, cells secrete estrogen, 1 follicle becomes egg
Ovulation- day 14, trggered by sudden increase of LH, follicle release oocyte
Luteal Phase- follicle expels the oocyte, empty shell becomes corpus luteum, secretes progesterone, estrogen and inhibin suppressing FSH
Uterine(menstrual)cycle
Menstruation-decline of estrogen and progesterone, cells die and become ischemic
Proliferative phase- estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessles of the endometrium, then doubles
secretory- uterus ready for pregnancy, uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain embryo
Hormones of Reproductive system
Testosterone
-regulatesex drive, bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass, strength and production of red blood cells
stimulates development and growth of uterine wall
prepares mammary glands of lactation
progesterone
triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH
estrogen
primary female sex hormone released by follicle
stimulates growth of uterus, vagina, ovum maturation
low levels cause release of FSH
Highlevels= relese of LH GnRH
required for breast development
Androgens
responsible for secondary sexual characteristics development in males
GnRH- hypothalamus in brain to stimulate pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
FSH- stimulate maturation and development of primary follicle into secondary follicle
LH spike of hormone trggering ovulation
Inhibin- decrease release of FSH by anterior pituary gland