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Reproductive system Efrain Haro Period 1 -…
Reproductive system
Efrain Haro
Period 1
Female Hormone Cycles
Ovarian cycle
Follicular phase: Occurs from day 1 to day 14. During the phase, several follicles become sensitive to FSH and are stimulated to grow. Dominant follicle out competes other follicles and is only one to go on. Primary oocyte of the dominant follicle completes meiosis I to form secondary oocyte.
Ovulation happens in the middle of the first and second phase. The ballooning of the ovary wall ruptures, expelling secondary oocyte into peritoneal cavity.
The cycle is about 28 days long and it leads to the maturing of the egg.
Luteal phase: Occurs from day 14 to day 28. After ovulation, the ruptured follicles collapse and the antrum fills with blood. If pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum produces hormones that sustain pregnancy till placenta takes over.
Menstrual cycle
Proliferate phase (preovulatory) Days 6-14: rising estrogen levels promote generating of new stratum finctionals layer, estrogen also increases synthesis of the progesterone receptors in endometrium and ovulation occurs at end of prolifertive phase on day 14.
Secretory phase (postovulatory) Days 15-28: If fertilization does not occur: Corpus luteum degenerates toward end of secretory phase. Progesterone levels fall, endometrial cells die, glands regress , blood vessels fragment and the functional layer falls off and uterine cycle starts all over.
Menstrual Phase Days 1-5: Ovarian hormones are at low levels, gonadotropin levels beging to rise and stratum functionalist detaches from uterine wall and is shed.
Major functions of both Reproductive systems (Men and Female)
Brings gametes from male and female together through sexual intercourse.
Support the development of the fetus and the birth of the baby.
Form a specialized cells for sexual reproduction called gametes: Sperm is for gametes in males, Ova is gametes in females.
Give genetic information contained through gametes through fertilization
Reproductive system hormones
Both
Gonadotropin releasing hormone- Is resposible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary.
Follicle stimulating hormone- essential to development and function of woments ovaries and ments testes. In womens this hormone stimulates the growth ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation.
Luteinizing hormone- Plays an important role in sexual development and functionin g. LH helps control the menstraul cycle and it triggers the release an egg from the ovary.
Inhibin- It is hormone secreted by the granulosa cells in the ovaries of women that acts primarily to inhibit the secretion of follicle stimulation hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.
Male
Testosterone: affects a mans appearance and sexual development. Stimulates sperm production and sex drive.
Female
Estrogen: is responsible for the sexual development of girls when they reach puberty. It controls the growth of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle at the beginning of a pregnancy.
Progesterone: helps to regulate the menstrual cycle for women and its main job is to get the uterus ready for pregnancy. After ovulation the progesterone helps thicken the lining of the uterus to prepare for fertilized egg.
Diseases that can occur
Human Papillomavarious: Most do not develop symptoms but can be passed through sexual contact. Symptoms can be warts, on the genitials and or surrounding skin.
Breast Cancer: It occurs in women and not common in men. Symptoms can be a bump in the breast area. Discharge of blood from nipple and change of shape and texture.
Genitial Herpes: Causes by the herpes simplex virus. Can affect both men and omen and symptoms of it can be pain, itching and small sores.
Cervical Cancer: A malignant tumor of the lower part of the uterus that can be prevented by PAP smear screening, No symptoms most of the time.
Chlamydia: It is common in young women and most who contract disease wont have symptoms. Can be transferred through sexual contact. Symptoms can be genital pain and discharge.
Prostate cancer- Symptoms can be difficulty with urination and sometimes no symptoms at all.
Testicular cancer- Symptoms include a lump in either testicular and feeling weight in the scrotum.
Syphilis: Different stages to it which can be from a painless sore to the genitals, rectum and the mouth. Second stage is a rash. Last stage can be damage to brain,nerves and eyes.
Gonorrhea: Symptoms include pain during urination and abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina. Men can expierence testicular pain anf women can get pain in stomach
Trichomoniasis: Risks is multiple sex partners and not using protection. Can cause bad vaginal dischagre and itching of the genitals.
HIV: Blood can transmitted through blood, semen or fluids exchange. Can get fever, sore throat, and fatigue occurs. No cure yet.
Male reproductive structure
Penis
Corpus spongiosum: column of tissue that runs through the shaft and head of the penis.
Corpus Cavemosum: is a pair of spongelike region of erectile tissue and has the most blood during erection.
Glans penis: can be described as the round head or tip of the penis.
Prepuce or skin: The fold of skin that covers the head of the penis
External urethra orifice: Urine comes out this hole or tunnel.
Glands
Prostate: Gland that is between the bladder and the pelvis
Bulbo: Exocrine gpand that is located at the posterolateral to the membranous urethra.
Seminal glands: pair of contorted or twisted tubes in which are located between the bladder and the rectum.
Ducts/Tunnels
Van deferens: transport sperm from the epididymus to the ejaculatory ducts
Ejaculatory duct: takes sperm to the urethra adding secretions and additives from the prostate needed for sperm function.
Urethra: Connects the ductus deferens in males for the ejaculation of sperm.
Epididymis: Transport sperm from the testes to the vas deferens.
Female reproductive structure
Uterus
Perimetrium: Outer serosal layer of the uterus
Cervix: Lower part of the uterus in the human female reproduction system
External Glands
Labium majus: pair of rounded folds of skin adipose that is part of the external female genitalia
Mons Pubis: fatty tissue located above the pubic bone
Greater vestibular gland: supply of music for the lubrication of the entrance of the vagina.
Clitoris: Has erectile tissue and gets filled with increased blood flow
External urethral orifice: Place where urine comes out.
Vagina
Anterior Fornix: The division of where the upper vagina is divided.
Posterior fornix: Larger recess that is behind the cervix.
Lumen: Organ cavity that is a part of the vagina.
Uterine Tube
Infundibulum: It has channels of released eggs and its the wide portion of the Fallopian tube.
Fimbriae: Tissue around the ostium of the Fallopian tube.