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Emily Saldivar-P.1 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Emily Saldivar-P.1 Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Tract
Ovaries- female gonads that flank the uterus and produce eggs and the hormone estrogen
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes)- the sight of fertilization + is connected to uterus
Infundibulum- funnel shaped opening into peritoneal cavity
Fimbriae- ciliated projections that drape over the ovary
Uterus- thick, hollow organ that houses the endometrium and develops a growing fetus
Body- major portion
Fundus- rounded superior region
Isthmus- narrowed inferior region
Cervix- narrow neck + projects into vagina
Uterine wall layers
Perimetrium- outermost serous layer
Myometrium- bulky layer of smooth muscle that contracts during childbirth
Endometrium- mucosal lining + layer that thickens and sheds during menstruation
Vagina- birth canal, passage for menstrual flow and organ of copulation
Mammary Glands- present in males and females but only function in females; produces milk to nourish newborn baby
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycles
Major Functions of the Reproductive System
Both function in reproducing the body + have complementary functions
Male- to deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract
Female- to produce eggs that can be fertilized + grow and nourish the growing fetus from conception through afterbirth
Disorders of the Reproductive System
Male Disorders
Testicular Cancer- most common cancer in men age 15-35; most common sign is painless, solid mass in testes
Prostatitis- usually prostate cancer and is 3rd most common cause of cancer death among males
Female Disorders
Breast Cancer- when epithelial cells in the smallest ducts metastasize; risk factors include genetics, but most have no known risk factors
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)- hormonal disorder which causes cysts to grow on the ovaries and can cause irregular menstruation, obesity and acne
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Viral STDs
Genital Herpes- most infected people don't know they're infected and is characterized by flare-ups and cold sores
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)- cause of genital warts + can cause cervical cancer
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- cripples immune system and is transmitted through bodily fluids, sexual intercourse and blood
Bacterial + Parasitic STDs
Chlamydia- most common bacterial STI; symptoms include penile/vaginal discharges, rectal/abdominal/testicular pain, painful intercourse, & irregular periods
Trichomoniasis- parasitic infection that is more common in women and treated inexpensively
Gonorrhea- infection of the. mucosae of the reproductive + urinary tracts; males can have painful urination & discharge; females can have abdominal discomfort, discharge or abnormal bleeding
Syphilis- infection transmitted sexually or congenitally; infection is asymptomatic then can turn into a rash if not treated correctly
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Tract
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Inhibin- released from both gonads & exerts negative feedback on hypothalamus + anterior pituitary
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)- released by hypothalamus + targets anterior pituitary
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)- gonadotropin released from anterior pituitary that targets gonads; helps control menstrual cycle and triggers ovulation in women
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)- plays role in sexual development + stimulates egg growth in ovaries of female
Male Hormone
Testosterone- produced by males and helps develop reproductive organs + sexual behavior and sexual drive
Female Hormones
Estrogen- produced by females to help develop reproductive organs + sexual drive & behavior; maintains menstrual cycle and aids in pregnancy
Progesterone- produced by the corpus luteum & maintains endometrium lining