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Respiratory Muscles - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory Muscles
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Sternocleidomastoid
Superficial muscle, two-headed neck muscle, which bears attachments to the manubrium of sternum, the clavicle, and the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
It is a long, bilateral muscle of the neck, which functions to flex the neck both laterally and anteriorly, as well as rotate the head contralaterally to the side of contraction.
If the head is fixed, it elevates the sternum and clavicle and, thus, expands the thoracic cavity (inspiratory breathing muscle).
During quiet breathing, the sternocleidomastoids are quiet. With an increase in the respiratory volume, sternocleidomastoids also become active. These muscles are simultaneously activated when one breathes in at the maximal flow rate
Scalene
The scalene muscles are three paired muscles (anterior, middle and posterior), located in the lateral aspect of the neck. Collectively, they form part of the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck.
The scalene acts as accessory muscles of respiration/inspiration, and performs flexion at the neck. They run from the cervical vertebrae to the first and second ribs.
During quiet breathing, the scalenes are consistently physically active, these muscles are simultaneously activated when one breathes in at the maximal flow rate. They can directly elevate the rib cage when they contract.
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Rectus Abdominis
The rectus abdominis muscle, is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen
Important in pulling down the ribcage and helping exhalation
It extends from the rib cage all the way to the pubic bone. The fibres of the rectus abdominis then extend vertically superiorly and insert into the xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilages of the 5th, 6th and 7th ribs.
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Working together with other abdominal muscles, this muscle compresses the abdominal viscera and increases the intra-abdominal pressure, which has an important function in processes such as forced breathing, labor, defecation and micturition.
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