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Chapter 21: Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts - Coggle…

- - - - no vascular tissues
      - no seeds
      - bryophytes
    - - vascular tissue
      - no seeds
    - - vascular tissues
      - seeds
- - - - sporangia
      - gametangia
    - - surrounded
      - several layers of cells
    - - alternating heteromorphic generation
      - sporophyte and gametophyte differ
- - - - ubiquitous
      - thrive in cities
      - perennial
    - - gamtophores
        
        leafy stems
        
        grow close
        
        not homologous
      - grow
        
        apical meristem
        
        precise arrangements
        
        3 rows
    - - Polytrichaceae family
        
        hydroids
        
        conduct water
        
        dissolve minerals
        
        innermost cortex
        
        leptoids
        
        resemble sieve cells
        
        prominent interconnections
      - Majority mosses
        
        lack hydroid and leptoids
        
        water conduction outside
      - rhizoids
        
        base
        
        multicellular trichomelike
        
        anchor stem
        
        do not absorb
    - - spore germinates
      - sends chlorophyllous cell
      - mitosis
      - protonema
        
        filamentous green alga
        
        numerous small chloroplasts
        
        apical cell
    - - gametophore: produces gametangia
      - all oogamous
        
        biflagellate sperm cell
        
        large nonmotile egg cells
      - antheridia
        
        microgametangia
        
        sperm cells produced
      - archegonia
        
        megagametangia
        
        egg @ base
  - - - AKA sporophyte
      - endosperm formation
    - - undergo traverse division
      - basal cell
      - bulbous tissue (foot)
        
        interface
        
        absorbs
        
        sugars
        
        water
        
        mineral
        
        transfer cells
    - - cell division
      - simple apical sporangium
      - capsule
    - - b/t foot and sporangium
      - narrow stalk
      - all moss sporophytes
  - - - large
      - bulk protects from short-term fluctuations
      - do not die in dry conditions
- - - - leafy liverworts
        
        resemble moss
        
        thin leaves
        
        2 rounded lobes
        
        no midrib
        
        no conducting tissue
        
        arrangement in rows
      - apical est. and growth begins
  - - - globose
      - no stomata
    - - thin
      - one cell thick
- - - - smooth
      - parenchymatous
    - - numerous chambers
      - mucilage
      - invaded by Nostoc cyanobacteria
      - benefit by recieving nitrogen
    - - distinctive
      - antheridial initials are not surface cells
      - mucilage chamber forms
        
        expand
        
        roof breaks
        
        antheridia exposed
  - - - no seta
      - no discrete sporangium
    - - above foot
      - continuously produces sporangium
      - replacement as grows