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India's rapid development - Coggle Diagram
India's rapid development
Green revolution 1960s
They introduced high yield variety crops developed in labs which doubled/tripled yields so India became self sufficient on food
This project required a lot of water, energy and chemical fertilisers. Led to water shortages and pollution
Arsnic polluted waters leading to poor health
Fertilisers run off and algae begins to grow on water, plants cannot photosynthesise and die, algae sucks out oxygen so kills wildlife= eutrophication
Positives of their development
Population growth of 40%, literacy rate has grown from 52% to 74%, added 10 years life expectancy, infant mortality decreased from 80 to 47 per 1000
Billionaires 1-55 now
India's GDP has quadrupled from 1992-2011
50 million burgeons (middle class) but expected to grow to 583m by 2050
Economic growth in 1992-2001 was 6% from 2002 to 2011 it grew to 8%
1991-2011, cars 180,000 to 2.9m and air travellers has increased 8.9m to 57m which increases consumer goods, BUT bad for environment
New metro in Dehli/Bangalore= increases productivity
Facts
Predictions say in the next 2 decades, their economy will be 5th largest by 2020, 3rd by 2030 and perhaps even 1st by 2050. If they manage their development effectively, poor management will leave them in a crisis
GDP to grow 5 x higher
Agriculture is 15% of GDP, half of India's workforce
Negatives of their development
Levels of fine particlulate is nearly 5 x over human safety, air pollution problems have cost $3b, causing 500,000 air related deaths yearly
India only has 4% of fresh water world supply yet 17% of global population so heading towards a water crisis
India ranked 125th/132 counties in 2012 environmental performance index= last in all Asia
Golden quadrilateral project added 3600 miles of road- environment and displacement
Annual decline of 4cm ground water levels as sources are drying out, aquifers are contaminated and fertilisers are polluting
Widening gap between the rich and the poor, poverty levels lower than the past
Only 30% of their sewage undergoes treatment, have 450,000 water disease deaths yearly
Natural ecosystems facing degredation as coal and mineral reserves predicted to be under forests, animals/plants/tribes disrupted, could cause conflits over right of resources
CC impacts felt in India, intense rainfall damaging crops, flooding causing water borne diseases, intense weather causes droughts when there are no periods of rain