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Biological theories of crime - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Criminal behavior could be explained by atavistic feature
        
        Males require 5 and women only 3 features
        
        Characteristics
        
        Principal markers
        
        Strong jaw
        
        Heavy brow
        
        Murders
        
        Bloodshot eyes
        
        Curly hair
        
        Sex offenders
        
        Thick lip
        
        Protruding ears
      - He took measure of 4,000 criminals and 400 dead criminals
    - - Butcher Taylor (2007)
        
        Suggested that less attractive individuals are more likely to be considered guilty 50% more so than attractive people
        
        Gave and explanation to if criminal can be identified them
      - This means that people with ugly feature are more likely to commit crime
    - - There is evidence to support his research. Buth & Taylor suggest that less attractive individuals are more likely to considered guilty - 50% more than attractive people
        
        This also proves that reliable since it can replicated
      - He was the first person to give credibility, this evidence as responsible for shifting the study of criminality away from and philosophical discussion.
      - He didn't compare the criminals, he instead compares them with non-criminals to identify atavistic characteristic features occurred in the non criminals population
      - This is also reductionist breaking behaviour too much - other relevant applicable explanation are not being considered. more holistic approach in which no other factors (sociological and individualistic factors provides in more depth answers
  - - - Those body types explain the criminal behaviour
        
        Endomorph
        
        Fat
        
        Kind
        
        Soft
        
        Ectomorph
        
        Lean
        
        Fragile
        
        Weak
        
        Mesamorph
        
        Muscular
        
        Strong
        
        Aggressive
    - - Natural experiment
      - Research done by himself. 200 students and criminal in body types, highest ratio was of the criminal delinquents as they had the highest mean rate
      - Research analysis of Hartley et al. more seriously delinquents of Sheldon's sample had mean mesomorph rating of 5
      - There is proof that other body types have committed crimes. another factor like self fulfilling prophecy can be influenced
      - Body type change can be changes - can't be generalized to identifying criminals
      - Low temporal validity
        
        Done in 1940's
- - - - Explanation
        
        23 pairs and 46 in total
        
        Increase level in testosterone
        
        XX in female and XY in male
        
        occurs in ~1/700 male births, an error chromosome separation results in this
        
        creates strong compulsion to commit violent crimes
      - Supporting research
        
        Jacobs 1965 researched 198 scottish prisoners through karyotyping for chromosomal abnormalities
        
        3.5% (15/1000) prison population - above the 1% scottish population