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Mid Tudor Crisis - Rebellions - Coggle Diagram
Mid Tudor Crisis - Rebellions
Western/Prayer Book Rebellion 1549
Causes
Economic - Sheep and cloth tax 1548, huge impact as it was a pastoral area
Religious - Murder of William Body who had tried to implement iconoclasm in 1547
Social - Shouted 'Kill the Gentlemen'
Consequences
Weakened Somerset's political position significantly
Events
20th June rebels from Devon and Cornwall met at Crediton
Plundered Trematon Castle
Shouted 'Kill The Gentlemen' while attacking
Tried to take the city of Exeter
Dispersed relatively easily
Government Response
Burned down rebel defenses
Mayor of Exeter got wealthier residents to give out food and shelter free or cheaply to poorer citizens so they wouldn't turn over the city to the rebels
Edward sent a letter to the rebels but it was written by Somerset so we don't know if this was his own opinion or response to their demands
Demands
Removal of the new Prayer Book and the return of Latin Mass, Act of Six Articles and prayers for purgatory
Services in Cornish
Removal of the Sheep and Cloth Tax and they complained about food shortages
However, most likely these were written by priests as they could read and write so stressed the religious element of the rebellion
Kett's Rebellion 1549
Causes
Political - anger at John Flowerdew for enclosing the local land
Social - Wide gap between classes, in Norwich 6% of the population owned 60% of the goods
Religious - Angry at an incompetent clergy and wanted further reform
Economic - John Flowerdew increased the cost of rent on the land and angry at enclosures, slump in the cloth trade hit them hard
Demands
Wanted the removal of the Sheep and Cloth Tax
Removal of enclosures especially saffron grounds
Further reform and incompetent clergy removed
Complained about local gentry manipulating local government
Events
Initially began as local enclosure riots and Flowerdew tried to make them turn on Robert Kett who had himself enclosed land
16,000 men under Robert Kett arrived at Mousehold Heath
Offered a pardon by the government but they refused and took Norwich, Britain's second largest city
Government forces defeated them at Mousehold Heath and killed 3,000 rebels
While at Mousehold Heath they set up a miniature government and court
Response of the Government
Initially sent an official pardon to try and get them to peacefully disperse
Force sent under the Earl of Northampton and was defeated by the rebels with around 300 soldiers killed
Force sent under the Earl of Warwick which killed 3,000 rebels and defeated the rebel forces
Kett and 91 other leaders were executed
Overall treated pretty leniently
Consequences of the Rebellion
Kett's family do not seem to have suffered through association
Land confiscated from Kett but later returned to a son
3,000 killed in battle and 30-300 hanged at the Oak of Reformation
Lady Jane Grey Rebellion 1553
Aims
Lady Jane Grey aimed to keep the throne
Mary aimed to get the throne off Lady Jane Grey as she saw herself as the legitimate monarch
Causes
Edward wanted a protestant successor
Edward may have thought Mary was truly illegitimate
Mary had the Tudor name which was a much more successful rally cry than purely religion as people felt loyalty to the Tudor Dynasty
Events
1543 - Third Act of Succession declared that although Mary was illegitimate she was still in line for succession after Edward and his heirs male died
1553 - Lady Jane Grey married Guilford Dudley (before Edward was ill)
1553 - Edward changes his Devise for the Succession to include Lady Jane Grey and her heirs male
1553 - Edward dies and 4 days later Lady Jane Grey is pronounced Queen
Mary gathers forces at Framlingham Castle as she calls for support as a legitimate queen
Northumberland leaves London to fight Mary - the Privy Council then escape and support Mary
Mary is pronounced Queen and Lady Jane Grey is imprisoned along with her husband
Consequences
Mary is pronounced Queen of England and reigns for 5 years
The Duke of Northumberland loses all wealth and power and is executed on the 22nd of August 1553
Lady Jane Grey is imprisoned and finally executed with her husband on the 12th of February 1554 after her father's involvement in the Wyatt Rebellion
Catholics gain a majority in power
Government Response
Most of the Privy Council abandons Jane and support Mary instead
Wyatt Rebellion 1554
Causes
Protestantism as all the leaders were Protestant yet used the marriage to gain more support
Anger at Mary's Spanish marriage and xenophobia of the English
Overall economic hardship and social suffering
Events
1553 - Initial planning (October)
1553 - Mary announces her plan for marriage and how she will curtail Spanish influences in England
1553 - Found out as Courtenay reveals the plot to Mary and they have to act when unprepared
1554 - January the rebellion begins in Kent, meant to be 3 uprisings but only 1 has any support
1554 - Reach the Thames in February but are defeated by government forces
Consequences
Rebels treated leniently as Mary was persuaded to show mercy
Ultimately caused the death of Lady Jane Grey and her husband