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SPAIN IN THE 17TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN IN THE 17TH CENTURY
During the 17th century
The Austrian Habsburgs ruled Spain
They delegating power to their validos
They used their power to
Become rich
Give positions of power and priviledges to their supporters and family
Because of this, conspiracies were created
The Spanish monarchy fell into decline
The Austrian Habsburgs
Felipe IV (1621-1665)
He delegated power to his valido, Count-Duke of Olivares
He tried to regain power over Europe
To do this, Spain took part in new wars, like the Thirty Years' War
He tried to introduce centralising reforms to increase tax collection
An example of this was the Union of Arms
It said that all the kingdoms ruled by the Spanish monarchy had to provide soldiers and funds to cover the cost of the European wars
The courts of the Crown of Aragón opposed this idea and the proposal failed
Spain went bankrupt several times and this led to some uprising
Domestic rebellions in
Cataluña
Portugal
The nobility appointed a Portuguese king
Conspiracies in
Andalucía
Aragón
Revolts in
Sicily
Naples
After the Peace of Westphalia
They focused on controlling its domestic revolts
In 1652, the royal army took control of Barcelona
They continued in war against France
It was defeated by the French and was forced to sign the Treaty of the Pyrenees, in1659
Consequences
France gained the territories of
Cerdanya
Flanders
Roussillon
Maria Theresa (daughter of Felipe IV) was married to Luis XIV
In 1668, Spain recognised Portugal's independence
Carlos II (1665-1700)
When he came to the throne
He was a minor
He was suffering from an illness
During his reigns, different validos had to take power
There was still a great enmity between France and Spain and France took advantage of Spain's week situation to gain territories
He left no heirs and that created conflict over succession
Felipe III (1598-1621)
During his reign the Duke of Lerma (his valido) governed
Spain was bankrupt so to reduce expenses the armed conflicts were ended
For that:
A peace treaty was signed with England
A truce was declared with the Protestants in the Low Countries
In 1609, he spelt the Moriscos from the peninsula to demonstrate his commitment to Catholicism and compensate for that
How did he do it?
By accusing them of being fake christians and of practising their own religion in secret
It had an extremely negative effect on the Spanish economy, specially in agriculture
The war of succession
Carlos II named Felipe, Duke of Anjou (from the Bourbon dynasty), as his successor
This idea wasn't liked by any country since it would mean that the Spanish and French thrones would be united
That is why, an anti-Bourbon alliance was formed and Carlos, Archduke of Austria, was proposed as a candidate for the throne
As a consequence, the War of Succession was created
Candidates
Felipe
He was proclaimed King of Spain in Madrid in 1700
He was supported by Castile and France
Archduke Carlos
He was proclaimed King of Spain in Barcelona in 1705
He was supported by
In Spain: The Courts of Aragón, Valencia and Cataluña
Outside Spain: Austria, Great Britain, the United Provinces, Portugal, Savoy and Prussia
Felipe's won the Battle of Almansa in 1707
When he conquered Valencia and Aragón
But the coalition also gained victories and the war continued
The Archduke Carlos inherited the throne of Austria
This caused fear of a possible union between Spain and Austria
That is why the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713 between France and the coalition, except for Austria
In 1714, Felipe V took control of Barcelona and ended the war
Consequences
France imposed Felipe V as King of Spain
Great Britain gained
Gibraltar
Minorca
The French colonies in North America
Trade concessions with the Spanish colonies
Austria gained
Naples
Sardinia
The Spanish Low Countries
Milan
Spain
The kingdom of Spain became a centralised state
Felipe V passed the Nueva Planta' decrees (1707-1716)
It abolished the fueros and the institutions of the Crown of Aragón and were replaced by Castilian laws
It lost its European territories but maintained the ones it held in the Americas
Savoy acquired Sicily
