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Anatomy of nose - Coggle Diagram
Anatomy of nose
Nasal cavity
Roof
frontal bone (Anterior)
Sphenoid bone (posterior)
Cribriform plate of ethmoid separates it from Anterior cranial fossa
Ostimeatal complex (OMC)
Hiatus semilunaris
Uncinate process
Bulla ethmoidalis
infundibulum
ostia of pararnasal sinuses
Floor (hard palate)
Palatine process of maxilla
horizontal process of palatine bone
lateral wall
Middle meatus
Superior meatus
Inferior meatus
Sphinoethmoidal recess
Medial wall (components of nasal septum)
Bony: perpendicular plate of ethmoid (sup) + vomer (inferior)
Membranous part: most anterior
Cartilagenous: septal cartilage (anterior)
Blood supply
Anterior + posterior ethmoidal
superior labial
Sphenopalatine
greater palatine
Nerve supply
functions of nose
phonatory
lacrimal drainage , reflex function
olfactory
Mucociliary clearance (main)
Respiratory
little's area (kiesselbach's plexus) [GAS]
Anterior ethmoidal A
Greater palatine A
Sphenopalatine A
Superior labial A of facial
External nose
Cartilaginous part
Upper and lower lateral carrtilages
Septal cartilage
Blood supply
Skin of ala and lower septum
nasal branches of Facial Artery
Skin of external nose by:
Dorsonasal branches of Ophthalmic A. from "intenal carotid A"
Nasal branches of infraorbital artery from Maxillary A. from "external carotid A"
Bony part
Frontal process of maxilla
Nasal part of frontal bone
Two nasal bones
Nerve supply
Ophthalcim N. (V1) "infratroclear + Exteranasal"
Maxillary N. (V2) "infra orbital"
Interior of the nose
Olfactory area
Upper part of nose
columnar non-ciliated
Respiratory area
the rest of nasal cavity
pseudo stratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
vestibule
Most ant part
hair follicle (liable infection)
Choanal atresia
Etiology
persistent buccopharyngeal membrane
CHARGE
heart defects
Atresia
Colobome
Retarted growth
Genital anomalies
Ear anomalies
Acute Bilateral Choanal atresia
signs
Rubber catheter cannot be passed from nose to nasopharynx
cyanosis that improves on crying (baby breathing from the mouth)
Investigations (CT)
Treatment
Bilateral: saving arirway after birth by maintian mouth open by either
Endotracheal intubation
A special nipple called McGovern nipple
plastic oral airway (oropharyngeal airway)
when condition improved we proceed to operation
atretic plates are perforated by (choanal atresial repair) operation
Unilateral atresia
No airflow can be demonstrated by holding a small mirror in front of the nose
A soft catheter cant be passed through the affected side
Unilateral mucous discharge
Endoscopic examination confirms the diagnosis and shows the extent of atresia
Unilateral nasal obstruction
Bilateral atresia
Difficulty in feeding
The cyanosis and dyspnea may decrerase on Crying
The nasal cavities appear blocked with thick mucoid discharge
Difficulty in breathing immediately after birth which consitute a medical emergency
lymphatic drainage
vestibule (ant) > submandibular
Rest of cavity (post) > retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical
Paranasal sinuses
function
reduce skull weight
warm and moisten inhaled air
resonance of voice
shock absorbers
Sphenoid
below sella turcica
it opens in sphenoethmoidal recess
in body of sphenoid
Frontal
roughly triangle
in frontal bone
rare symmetric
from eye brow to orbit roof
it opens in anterior part of middle meatus
Maxillary
in maxilla benind cheek
floor (2nd premolar + 1st molar teeth)
paired, symmetric
Roof (orbit)
pyramidal
it opens in posterior part of middle meatus
Ethmoid
In ethmoid bone
Most incidence of infection
Anterior, middle , posterior
Separated from obrit by lamina papercia _ infection to orbit
The post ethmoid sinus opens in the superior meatus
the ant ethmoid sinus opens in the middle meatus