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James Joyce (1882-1941), Epiphany., Paralysis, When he arrives at the…
James Joyce (1882-1941)
Araby
Epiphany: "azing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger."
Symbolism in the story
Brown: attention to the unhappiness and simplicity of Dublin
Darkness in the end : delusion
-Protagonist is an adolescent boy
-The first part focuses on him as a child who plays with his friends
-The passage into adolescence is marked by a crush on a girl
-The boy starts daydreaming about her
-She finally talks to him and says she would love to visit the “Araby” bazaar
-The boy promises he will go and bring her a present
-In the last part: he is arrived to the bazaar but finds it closing down and can’t buy anything
Ulysses
Characters
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Stephen Dedalus
Young man, he wanted to become successful in his life like an artist
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Setting in time: a single day,Thursday 16th June, 1904. Bloomsday
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The Dead
-The protagonists of the story are Gabriel Conroy and Gretta, his wife.
-The story opens with their participation in the annual Christmas party.
-During the party Gabriel has to make a speech.
-During the party his wife hears a song that reminds her of Michael Furey, a boy in love with her who died.
-After the party Grabriel and Gretta returned to the hotel. Gretta kept thinking about Michael.
-While Gabriel was thinking if it was better to die of old age or in the name of great things.
-While Gabriel thinks he realizes that Michael is more alive in Gretta than him.
-At the end of the story Gabriel realizes that he was a shadow close to her wife and that Michael was alive inside her.
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Dubliners
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They are arranged into 4 groups: Childhood, Adolescence, Public life, Mature life
All the 15 short stories are set in Dublin : ‘The city seemed to me the centre of paralysis,’ Joyce stated.
But his realism is combined with symbolism, double
meaning of details.
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Eveline
Epiphany: A street organ reminiscent of Eveline's
promise she made to her dying mother, she had to keep the family together. She thinks on a part of her of her life made up of sacrifices and responsibilities; on the other hand, the possibility of a changewith Frank.
Example of symbolic word:
sea = action, escape
-Eveline is a 19-year-old girl, who works in warehouses and lives with her father and brothers and sisters.
-The story opens with Eveline leaning against the window that thinks of the moments spent in her childhood. Those moments were still happy. Since her mother died, Eveline has been forced to take care of her family.
-Her thoughts altered with the prospects of a different life, alongside Frank, in Buenos Aires.
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He left Dublin when he was 22: he spent some time in Paris, then back in Ireland. He went in Italy, Trieste. He had financial problems while living in Trieste. He left Trieste and moved to Switzerland.
Epiphany.
Stream of consciousness
the analysis of the individual thoughts of the character links between the object (with its symbolic value) and its situation.
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it is a special moment in which any object of common life, a person, an episode becomes a "revealer" of the true meaning of life and perceives the symbolic value.
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Paralysis
Moral
Political
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No political, social and economic support: Ireland based on primitive agriculture, absence of new technologies. Land worked with simple tools
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When he arrives at the bazaar and sees that everything is closed, he has an epiphany that refers to the death of his dreams and defeat because he has not kept his promise.
The melancholy represents for Joyce an "epiphany" because it reveals to Eveline the reality of her life.