Mortality
definition: the process of of the depletion of a population through death
80% of deaths in the US occur in hospitals, hospices, or nursing homes
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cause-specific mortality
age-specific mortality
general mortality
morbidity
death: an event verified in writing
morbidity rates: the occurrence of illness in a population
prevalence: # of individuals with particular disease / total population size
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pr heart conditions = 26.84/307.44 = .087 or 8.7%
pr hypertension = 56.58/307.44 = .184 or 18.4%
incidence: # of new cases of a disease per 100,000 population
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I breast cancer = 24,413/20,155,262 = 0.0012162 or 121.6 per 1,000
crude death rate: the # of deaths that occur in a population during the course of one year for every 1,000 persons alive at midyear
CDR = (D/P) X 1,000
specific death rates: deaths that occur among a specific subpopulation or subaggregate
DRs = Ds/Ps X 1,000
age-specific rates: measure the incidence of death among members of the same cohorts
ASDRx = (Dx/Px) X 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): covers the first year of life
Child Mortality Rate (CMR): measures death among one to five years old
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR): focuses on the first 28 days of life
cause-specific rates: helps to identify the major factors that put people at fatal risk
cause-specific mortality: calculated by dividing the # of deaths in a category by a population
DR accidents = (D accidents/P) X 100,000
social & environment factors
ethnicity
gender
social class
mortality in the United States
suicide rates are increasing: 10th leading cause of death for all ages
cause of death is significantly higher in the "stroke belt:" central plains regions (stroke: third most common cause od death)
epidemiological transition
stage 2: "receding pandemic"
stage 3: industrialized nations find themselves here today
stage 1: universally high general & infant mortality rates