Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CHAPTER 2 - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2
Tourism development should aim:
a) provide framework for raising the living standard of local people
b) develop infrastructure & provide recreation facilities
c) ensure appropriate to the purposes of these areas
d) consistent with culture, social, and economic of the government and people of the host area
e) optimize visitor satisfaction
Several sets of condition
- tourists must respect local and ethic traditions/values
- there must be certain about the future direction
- put the host as priority then visitors
- no fighting or conflicts over natural resource use
Sustainable approach
- a primary objective of providing lasting and secure livelihoods which minimize resources depletion, environmental degradation, cultural disruption and social instability
Five mechanism goals can be achieved
- cooperative and integrated control system
- development of industry coordination mechanism
- raising consumer awareness
- raising producer awareness
- strategic planning to replace conventional approaches
Three basic strategic objectives:
- ensuring the experience of tourism resource values
- enhancing the experience of visitors
- maximizing economic, social and environmental returns
Basic Planning Process
-
-
- goals and objective setting
- generation of alternatives
- evaluation of preferred alternatives
- detailing of preferred strategies
- monitoring and evaluation
-
-
-
Three models of tourism industry:
- Leiper's model
- Mill and Morrison's model
- Murphy, Hall and McArthur's model
Leiper's model Three elements in the system:
- generating region
- transit region or route
- destination region
Mill and Morrison's model Four elements in the system:
- market
- travel
- destination
- marketing
Murphy, Hall and McArthur's model Demand factors:
- physiological
- cultural
- social
- spiritual
- fantasy
Supply factors:
- resources
- government
- the tourism industry
Tourism destination lifecycle:
- a country, state, region, city or town which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit. a destination is a product that must be marketed to its consumers.
Seven stages of destination lifecycle:
- Exploration
- very few tourist arrivals and very little impact associated with tourism.
- the natural and social economic environment of the destination has not changed
- Involvement
- the local community responds to the opportunities created by tourism by offering specialized services: associated with a gradual increase in visitor numbers
- Development
- a huge perfect tour market has already been established, drawing great quantities of foreign investment
- the number of tourist continues to soar
- Consideration
- a decline in the growth rate of visitors and other tourism
- related activity, although the actual amount of activity continues to increase.
- Stagnation
- visitor numbers and tourism growth stagnate due to the deterioration of the product
- at this stage, the tour environment capacity reaches or exceeds the limits
6a. Decline
- repeat clients are no longer satisfied with the available product, while others are no longer able to recruit new visitors
- no attempts are made by destination stakeholders to revitalize the local tourist product, or these attempts are unsuccessful
6b. Rejuvenation
- accompanied by the introduction of entirely new tourism products, or at least the radical re-imaging of the existing product, as a way of recapturing the destination's competitive advantage and sense of uniqueness.
Tourism system
- Tourism is viewed as a single system comprised of interrelated parts, which a combination of things of parts forming a complex role. -As a system, it can be defined, analyzed, planned and managed in an integrated manner.