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Health Issues in a Carceral State - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Findings show that the mental health impacts of the criminal justice system do not stop at incarceration. Preincarceration contacts show strong association between arrests and depressive risk, and this depressive risk is similar to that of experiencing parental incarceration. Arrests are critical early-life drivers of mental health risk.
        
        Insights from life-course epidemiology indicate that early-life periods are particularly sensitive to social exposures, and stressful experiences have long-lasting impacts on health. But, incarceration harms health regardless of age and timing.
        
        Results showed that duration of incarceration impacts health. People who were incarcerated for longer than one year had high levels of inflammatory and depressive risk. Longer exposures to prison or jail harm one's psychophysiological functioning and may chronically up regulate bodily stress response systems in ways that erode health overtime.
        
        Furthermore, people who have been incarcerated for longer periods of time have greater difficulty repairing social ties or finding work after release, which adds to stressors.
        
        Theseresults indicate that criminal justice contacts are drivers of racial health disparities, with black people being more likely than whites to be arrested and incarcerated. Findings from this study show that even contacts that do not result in physical injury or death have lasting impacts on health.
  - - - The demographic with the greatest risk of imprisonment are black males from low SES backgrounds. 1 in 5 black men can expect to be imprisoned in their lifetime compared to 1 in 30 white men.
        
        Research indicates links between criminal justice contacts and increased health risk combined with these racial disparities negatively effect individual and population-level racial health disparities.
- - - - Fighting against the previous statement in quotes is the theory of Reproductive Justice, which is a "movement created and developed by black women in 1994 as an analysis tool that builds upon the work of black feminist thought and black feminist theory to explore the racial, economic, and social inequalities that impact and shape lived experiences."
        
        Reproductive justice includes three human rights: human rights at the core of reproductive justice: (1) the right to have a child under the conditions of one’s choosing; (2) the right not to have a child using birth control, abortion, or abstinence; and (3) the right to parent children in a safe and healthy environment free from violence by individuals or the state. The fact that these human rights are not currently upholder by the law show how deep the problem is and how much control the government still has over the lives and bodies of women.
  - - - During Reconstruction and Jim Crow, social welfare programs were created to help poor white women. Programs like Aid to Dependent Children claimed to help women in need of financial help, but they provided them with minimal support. "With the social “concern” of population growth concentrated on black women, immigrant women, and poor women, the surveillance required by receiving government assistance allowed the policing of women’s sexual and reproductive behaviors, often criminalizing women who became pregnant while receiving assistance." Because of the criminalization of poor women who became pregnant, women of color would agree to sterilization so that they could continue to receive support for the children they already had.
        
        LARC's show a similar narrative but in present day.For privileged whit ewomen with access to health insurance and reproductive care, LARC's are highly effective contraceptives that only require insertion and replacement/removal at a later date. This low risk fo pregnancy can be freeing for women who have the capacity to be able to choose to remove the device if they see fit.
        
        However, black women and other women of color are disproportionately criminalized and have low SES, which may change their experiences with LARCS. "Lack of access to comprehensive sex education, regular reproductive health-care providers, transportation, and language translators influence the ways in which black women and women of color navigate their reproductive health."
        
        The fact that some women of color may not be as educated on topics such as birth control due to factor outside their control is something that I had never thought about. As a privileged white woman who has the nexplanon implant, I was skeptical at first of the criticism of the implant. However, my situation is not the same as everyone else's. I love learning new things in this class as I begin to understand social and racial differences so that I can be the best human I can be.