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Reproductive System Ryan Sovick, Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Ryan Sovick, Period 3
Major functions of the Reproductive system
female
They produce eggs (ova) to be fertilised
They provide the space and conditions to allow a baby to develop
The female reproductive system has the structures necessary to allow sperm from a man to meet the ova of a woman.
male
They discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract.
They produce and secrete male sex hormones.
They produce, maintain and transport the male reproductive cells and semen.
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Penis
The penis is the male sex organ, reaching its full size during puberty. In addition to its sexual function, the penis acts as a conduit for urine to leave the body.
Testes
The testes are oval organs about the size of very large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord.
Vas Deferens
The duct which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
Seminal Vesicles
The seminal vesicles are accessory glands of the male reproductive system. They are a pair of contorted or twisted tubes, which are located between the bladder and the rectum. At puberty, the seminal vesicles form sacs and contribute up to 85% of the seminal fluid.
Epididymis
A highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.
Scrotum
The scrotum is a sac of skin that hangs from the body at the front of the pelvis, between the legs. It sits next to the upper thighs, just below the penis. The scrotum contains the testicles. These are two oval-shaped glands responsible for producing and storing sperm.
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Vagina
The vagina is an elastic, muscular canal with a soft, flexible lining that provides lubrication and sensation. The vagina connects the uterus to the outside world. The vulva and labia form the entrance, and the cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming the interior end.
Fallopian Tubes
The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes, salpinges, or oviducts, are tubes that stretch from the uterus to the ovaries, and are part of the female reproductive system. The fertilized egg passes through the Fallopian tubes from the ovaries of female mammals to the uterus.
Uterus
The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum. The ovaries produce the eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes. Once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus.
Ovaries
Ovaries are the female gonads the primary female reproductive organs. These glands have three important functions: they secrete hormones, they protect the eggs a female is born with and they release eggs for possible fertilization.
Cervix
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus in the human female reproductive system. The cervix is usually 2 to 3 cm long and roughly cylindrical in shape, which changes during pregnancy.
Hormones of the reproductive system
male
The major sex hormone in men is testosterone, which is produced mainly in the testes. The testes are controlled by a small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland, which in turn is controlled by an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. Androgens are crucial for male sexual and reproductive function.
female
The two main female sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone. Although testosterone is considered a male hormone, females also produce and need a small amount of this, too.
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Menstruation
Menstruation is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle
Follicular Phase
The follicular phase is the time between the first day of the period and ovulation. Estrogen rises as an egg prepares to be released.
Ovulation
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary. This usually occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before menstruation starts. During the follicular phase, the developing follicle causes a rise in the level of oestrogen.
Luteal Phase
The luteal phase occurs after ovulation (when your ovaries release an egg) and before your period starts. During this time, the lining of your uterus normally gets thicker to prepare for a possible pregnancy
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction occurs when a man can't get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. Uterine fibroids aren't associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and almost never develop into cancer.
HIV/AIDS
AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the HIV. By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.