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Intervention + MSM + HIV + Blacks + Peer-Reviewed + 15 years ago +…

- - - - strength of tie,
      - risk behaviors,
      - HIV
        status
      - sociodemographic
      - relationship type,
    - - define: te greatest number of connctions via each node and comnection that node
        
        scal 0-1--> lower the number a node has = the better it has to connect with hidden populations
    - - Age, education, employment, HIV status, unprotected and
        intercourse
      - Group sex (
      - Sex drug use
- - - - Geneeral resources
        
        (1) the Black median household income; (2) percent of all residents without health insurance (our data source did not identify the number of persons with health insurance); and (3) percent of Black residents employed
      - Specialized resources
        
        (1) the rate of Black heterosexual HIV testing per 10,000 Black adults as a measure of testing resources in a community; (2) health expenditures per capita; and (3) the male ARV prescription rate per male PLWH
    - - Institutional
        support
        
        (1) AIDS organizations per capita; and (2) percent
        of males with college education.
      - Liberalism” of public
        policies
        
        (1) the presence of AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) organizations in 1990; (2) presence of syringe service programs (SSPs); and (3) a variable capturing state historic passage of laws pertaining to the rights of sexual minorities
    - - Institutional
        opposition:
        
        (1) the hard drug arrest rate; (2) percent of incarcerated males; and (3) number of police per 1000 residents by impeding access to testing.
      - racial structure
        
        (1) percent Black residential isolation; (2) the odds ratio of being denied a home loan application for Black residents compared to Whites; and (3) Black-White poverty inequality as the ratio of the percent of Black compared to White residents in poverty
- - - - need
        
        related to the prevalnce and incidence for the need of HIV testing
      - resource avaliablity ( locally)
        
        general resources ( that support many health program i.e finaicial health)
        
        speicaized ( supporting a specific range of program ie. commuity health centers)
      - support for a program
      - opposition to the program
- - - - sexual risk
      - transmissio risk
      - HIV disclosure by ethnicity
- - - - this can be due to unequal HIV commincation
- - - - intersectionality
      - social ecological model
- - - - based on friends’
        sexual health testimonials
        
        Resource testimonials: sexal health services and other resource
        
        Embodied testominals : friends firt hand experiences
      - newcomers havve a hard time with oppening p to firends to ask sexual health information
      - likely to take info from someone who is older
      - uses social media friends to access infomation
    - - belive that the internet is accurate ( nparticcipants didnt cross check info with other cites
        
        goes to popular sites
        
        9 theses sites tend to be advirtise more ...not really based on the official crediabity of the authors
    - - family: sense of unease with engaging could expose them to anti-LGBTQ+
        stigma and misinformation.
      - sex -ed chool based sex-ed perpetuated
        a heteronormative view of sex and sexuality., out dated sex ed that dont have lgbtq in it( forcing ppl to look else where for info)
      - clinicicina are push to stay updated on sexual health , but not frontline workers
- - - - named chosen family
      - non-named chosen families,
      - other social groups,
      - no social group membership
- - - - Our interview guide for YB-GBMSM included the following domains: (1) Description of sources of social capital in their net works; (2) HIV stigma, disclosure and gay identity; (3) Utilization of social capital; (4) Reciprocity; (5) Negative social capital; and (6) Intervention recommendations. Next, we conducted 28 IDIs with key informants –
- - - - dallas =treatment and houston = control group
- - - - principle of the Effective
        Behavioral Interventions through formal and informal outreach, small group discussions (M-Groups), publicity campaigns, social events, provision of safe project space; and facilitated by core groups and volunteers
- - - - months respondents and their African American male friends ‘talked about the importance of having safe (safer) sex,’ ‘shared ideas about how to avoid unsafe sex,’ ‘encouraged each other to practice safe sex,’
    - - Also examined internalized homophobia, for example how happy/how proud are you being gay or bisexual, how comfortable are you with your sexual attraction to other men, does having sex with other men make you dislike yourself, do you ever wish that you were attracted only to women.
    - - how much social support respondents received from their
        African American gay/bisexual male friends
    - - ‘think you should avoid unsafe sex’, ‘think you should always have safe sex’, ‘only engage in safe sex practices’, and how important their friends ‘think it is to use a condom when having anal sex with a new partner.’
    - - stop an unsafe sexual act by a
        sexual partner, engage only in safe sex when turned on, and negotiate safe sex with partner.
    - - can be do to feeling lonely
    - - realted to GED, emloyment , runnu=ing out of money
- - - - friends and family lacked understanding or
        awareness of PrEP, it was difficult for them to provide meaningful support
    - - "PREP IN “THE BOOKBAG”:"
    - - stigma
        
        calling it a "gay" medicine
- - - - goal to focus on public health funded
        organizations in San Francisco, California
- - - - Social
      - sexual
      - Network member characteristics
    - - in the past 30 days ( 3+/ week
    - - in the past 3 months
    - - participated in a hiv prevention program
      - Past/ present STI
- - - - sociaodemographic characteristic
      - hiv status
      - internalized homophbia
      - sexual prejudice
      - precieved HIV stigma
- - - - survey and then interiew and then testing HIV status
- - - - social support scale
      - Recent HIV testing in the last two years
        
        (mediator)
      - Sexual risk behaviour
        
        UAI
        
        trading sex for money
        
        trading se for drugs