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Reproductive System Katherine Lindberg Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Katherine Lindberg Period 1
Anatomy of male repro. system
sperm is delivered to body through a system of ducts
ejaculatory duct
delivers sperm into the urethra
ducts (vas) deferens
vas deferns are about 45 cm
vasectomy: cutting ductus deferens
transport sperm from epidiymis to ejaculatory duct
urethra
convey urine and semen
epididymis
sperm matures here
Testes
sperm producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum
scrotum: sac of skin outside of body at front of pelvis
3°C lower than core body temperature
midline divides scrotum into 2 compartments (each testis)
each testis is surrounded by 2 tunics
tunica albuginea: inner layer
tunica vaginatis: outer layer
primary male sex organ
Semen
alkaline neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina/ enhances motility
mixture of sperm cells and fluid
Penis
male copulatory organ
consists of root and shaft that ends in glans penis
consits of prepuce and foreskin
male accessory glands
prostate: secretes milky, slightly acid fluid
bulbo-urethral glands: produce thick clear mucous during sex
seminal galnds: produces viscious alkaline seminal fluid
major functions
male
becomes active at puberty
form sperm cells for sexual reproduction
combine genetic information contained within gametes through fertilization
bring gametes from Male and Female together through sex
produce, maintain, and transport sperm
female
combine genetic information contained within gametes through fertilization
Support development of fetus and birth of baby
bring gametes from Male and Female together through sex
form specialized egg cells for sexual reproduction
produce eggs to be fertilized
events of the female hormonal cycles
Ovarian (reproductive) cycle
monthly events associated with maturation of egg
Phases
Luteal Phase
dasy 14-28
after ovulation, antrum fills with clotted blood
corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen
corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans if no pregnancy occurs
Follicular Phase
days 1-14
vesicular follicles become sensitive to FSH
FSh levels decrease around middle of phase
primary oocyte of dominant follicle completes meiosis I to form second oocyte and first polar body
Ovulation
day 14
ovary wall ruptures, secondary oocyte is expelled into peritoneal cavity
Menstrual (Uterine) cycle
cyclic series of chnages in endometrium that occur in response to fluctuating ovarian hormone levels
3 phases
Menstraul cycle
days 1-5
ovarian hormone levels decrease
gonadotropin levels begin to increase
Proliferative phase
days 6-14
rising estrogen levels generate new stratum layer
estrogen increases synthesis of progesterone
ovulation occurs on day 14
Secretory phase
days 15-28
most consistent in duration
endometrium prepares for embryo to implant
disorders
cancer
prostate cancer (M)
treated with surgery and radiation
third most common cause of cancer death in males
breast cancer (F)
diagnosis: through a mammography
treatment: radiation, drugs, breast reduction, lumpectomy
70% of women with breast cancer have no known risk factors
13% of women have it, 10% due to hereditary defects
testicular cancer (M)
sign: painless, solid mass in testes
90% cured by surgical removal of testes
most common in males 15-35
STI's (STD's or VD's)
bacterial sexually transmitted infections
Trichomoniasis
easily treated
70% of women have no symptoms
parasitic infection is more common in women
Chlamydia
most common STI in the U.S
symptom: urethritis, discharge, rectal/testicular,abdominal pain
treatment: antibiotics
20% of females and 10% of males have symptoms
Gonorrhea
treatment: antibiotics
female symptoms: discharge, uterine bleeding
bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive and urinary tract
male symptoms: urethritis, discharge, painful urination
Syphilis
bacterial infection transmitted sexually/ congenitally
if untreated, secondary signs appear like pink skin rash, fever, and joint pain
treatment: penicilin
disease can enter latent period, which may progress to tertiary syphilis
infection is asymptomatic for 2-3 weeks
viral sexually transmitted infections
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
cause of genital warts
80% of cases of invasive cervical cnacer are linked to HPV
vaccination can guard against common cancer-causing strains
Genital Herpes
can be passed on to fetus
difficult pathogen to control because most don't know they're infected (only 15% display signs)
caused by herpes simplex virus
treatment: antiviral drugs which can reduce duration
hormones
male
produced in testes
Testosterone
primary male sex hormone
promotes secondary sexual characteristics
pubic, axillary, and facial hair
enhanced growth of hair
skin thickens and becomes oily
larynx enlargements
bones grow
plays a key role in development of make reproductive tissues like testes and prostate
female
released by pituitary gland
LH (luteinizing hormone)
spikes ovulation
helps control menstrual cycle
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes
released by ovaries
Estrogen
primary female sex hormone
maintain uterus and endometrium lining
helps maintain female characteristics
Progesterone
maintain uterus and endometrium lining
completes development of uterus wall, promotes glycogen storage
involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryo genesis
anatomy of female reproductive system
ovaries
produce female gametes
primary female sex organ
secrete estrogen and progesterone
paired structure flank uterus
duct system
uterus
regions
body: major portion
fundus: rounded superior regions
cervical canal: communicates with vagina via external os and uterine body
cervix: narrow outlet that projects into vagina
isthmus: narrowed inferior region
uterine wall
endometrium: mucosa lining (innermost layer)
myometrium: middle layer
perimetrium: outermost layer
function: receive, retain, and nourish fertilized ovum
vagina
vaginal secretions in adults is acidic
function: birth canal and passageway for menstraul flow and organ of copulation
uterine tubes
fallopian tubes
usual site of fertilization
recieve ovulated oocyte
during ovulation, uterine tube captures oocyte
regions of uterine tube
Infundibulum: opening into the peritoreal cavity
external genetalia
vulva includes
labia majora: hair-covered, fatty skin folds
labia minora:skin fold within labia majora
mons pubis: overlying pubic symphysis
vestibule: recess within labia minora
clitoris: anterior to vestibule
mammary glands
function: milk production
areola: pigmented skin around nippls