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Photosynthesis - Coggle Diagram
Photosynthesis
Factor affecting the rate of photosynthesis:
a)
Light Intensity:
:check:
Low
light intensity
Lower
the rate of photosynthesis
:check: As the light intensity
Increased
the rate also
Increased
:check: Very high intensity may, in fact, slow down the rate as it bleaches the chlorophyll
b)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration:
:check: In the atmosphere, the concentration of carbon
dioxide ranges from
0.03 to 0.04 %
:check:
0.1%
of carbon dioxide increases the rate of photosynthesis significantly
c)
Temperature:
:check: Optimum temperature ranging from
25°C to
35°C
is required
:check: The rate of photosynthesis goes on
increasing up to a temperature of 40°C
:check: When the temperature
high or low
the
enzymes
involved in photosynthesis
becomes inactive
and
decreases
the rate of photosynthesis
d)
Chlorophyll Concentration:
:check:
Affects the rate of reaction
as they absorb the light energy without which the reactions cannot proceed
:check: Lack of
iron, magnesium, nitrogen and light
affect the formation of chlorophyll and thereby causes
chlorosis
e)
Water:
:check: Slight deficiency of water results in
significant reduction in the crop yield
:check: The lack of water
not only limits
the amount of water but also the
quantity of carbon dioxide
.
f)
Pollution:
:check: Soot can block stomata and
reduce the transparency of the leaves
:check:
Lichens are very sensitive to
sulphur dioxide
in the atmosphere
g)
Compensation Point:
:check:
The light intensity,
at which the
photosynthetic intake of carbon dioxide is
equal to
the respiratory output of carbon dioxide is
called the compensation point
The Light Independent Reaction or Dark Reaction of Photosynthesis
(Calvin Cycle)
By using the
ATP
and
NADPH
made in Light Reaction to produce
Glucose
:star: Consumed
CO2
:star: Produced
G3P (sugar)
:star: Regenerated
ADP
:star: Regenerated
NADP
RuBisCo:
Enzyme which fixes carbon from air
CO2 + ATP + NADPH --> C6H12O6 + ATP + NADPH
:<3:
C3 plants
=
Require LOTS of water
:<3:
C4 Plants
=
Can survive arid and hot environments
:<3:
CAM Plants
=
Stomata open at NIGHT to store CO2 and it been used in Calvin Cycle during the day.
Plant structure:
:star: Double Membrane (outer membrane and inner membrane
:star: Stroma
fluid-filled interior
:star: Thylakoid sacs
:star: Grana stacks (Grana = 1) (Granum = Many)
The Light Dependent Reaction (LDR) of Photosynthesis
(Light Reaction)
:star: Produced
ATP
:star: Produced
NADPH
:star: Consumed
H2O
:star: Produced
O2
as by product and releases as waste product
H2O + Light Energy --> ATP + NADPH + O2
Autotrophs
produce their own food
(glucose)
This process called photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves:
:red_flag: stoma - pores
:red_flag: mesophyll cells
The essential factors for photosynthesis:
a) Sunlight
b) Water
c) Carbon Dioxide
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water --> GLUCOSE + oxygen
Putting it all together:
CO2 + H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + O2