《Reproductive System》 Sara Espinoza Period 6

〚Major Functions〛

〚Anatomy of female reproductive structures〛

〚Hormones〛

〚Events of female hormonal cycles〛

〚Disorders associated with the reproductive system〛

〚Anatomy of Male reproductive structures〛

sperm

ovaries

ovarian cycle

prostate caner

ductus system

uterus

vagina

uterine (fallopian) tube

external genitalia

labia

vestibule

mon pubis

clitoris

testes

support

ovarian ligament

broad ligament

suspensory ligaments

oogenesis

ovulation

menopause

Graafian follicle

delivery of female gamete

secondary/accessory

outer cortex

inner medulla

tunica albuginea

secure ovary to lateral walls of pelvic

attach ovary to uterus

encloses suspensory ligament

primary female sex organs

develop female gamete, the oocyte, in follicles

fibrous capsule

have loose connective tissue with large blood vessels and nerves

process producing ova/ovum (egg cells)

mature oocyte before being released

reproductive ability ends

ability to release eggs, begins at puberty

ductus system

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

urethra

epididymis

accessory organs

external genitalia

prostate gland

bulbourethral gland

seminal vesicle

penis

scrotum

covering

septa (septum)

tunica albuginea

seminiferous tubules

Sertoli cells

spermatogenesis

anatomy

head

acrosome

midpiece

flagella

spermatic cord

vasectomy

semen

seminal vesicle

prostate gland

bulbourethral gland/ Cowper's gland

regions

shaft (body)

glans penis

root

prepuce (foreskin)

internal structure

corpora cavernosa

corpora spongiosum

primary sex organ

male gamete

delivery of male gamete

secondary sex organs

capsule surrounding the testes

extension that divides testis into lobules

1-4 in each lobule

provide nutrients and supportive function

production of sperm cells

has nucleus with DNA

has enzyme needed to penetrate the female egg

has mitochondria

propels sperm

matures and stores sperm cell

carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, connected by cn sheath

cutting off the ductus deferens, prevent transportation of sperm

carry both sperm and urine, not same time

provide transport medium sperm, inhabit bacterial multiplication

has fructose, vitamin c that nourish and activate sperm

helps activate sperm

lubricate penis for penetration before ejaculation, cleanses neutralizes traces of acidic urine

sac of skin outside abdomen that holds testes

deliver semen into female retrodictive tract

attach to body wall

movable, 3 cylindrical columns of erectile tissue

has urethral opening

fold cuff of skin around proximal end

erectile tissue surrounding blood vessel, penis becomes rigid

surrounds urethra

gametes

male

female

testosterone

estrogen

androgens

receive ovulated oocyte, site for fertilization

receive fertilized egg, retain, and nourish. hollow organ

hymen

partially close vaginal opening, allow vaginal secretions to pass outside

vulva

labia majora

labia minora

skin fold around vaginal opening

outer fold

inner fold

fatty pad over pubic symphysis, covered by pubic hair

enclosed by labia majora, opening to urethra, greater vestibular gland, Bartholin's gland

erectile tissue, correspond to penis, become engorged with blood during sexual stimulation

uterine (mensuration) cycle

follicular phase

luteal phase

proliferative phase

secretory phase

menstrual phase

in ovaries leading to maturation and ovulation

prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized ovum

day 1-14, mensuration-ovulation, FSH, follicular cells secret estrogen

ovulation

day 14, spike increase in LH, release oocyte, rise in progesterone

15-28, follicle expels oocyte, empty shell become corpus luteum, progestogen, some estrogen, inhibin suppress FSH

day 1-5, decline estrogen and progesterone, cell shed, bleeding

6-14, estrogen stimulate grow blood vessels endometrium, thick endometrium, implantation

day 15-28, uterus become ready for pregnancy, uterine gland enlarge, secrete nutrients sustain embryo until implantation

mesopause

symptoms

hot flashes

dizziness

headaches

insomnia

sleepiness

depression

possible increase sex drive

menstrual cycle ceases, 45-55

gonads

female

male

testes

ovaries

diploid

haploid

2 copies each chromosome, 46 total 26 pairs

1 copy each chromosome, 23 total

male reproductive system

female reproductive system

produce and disseminate a large quantity of male
gamete

produce sperm and deliver it to the egg

accessory organs

delivery system for gamete

produces and secretes seminal fluids

production of gamete and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy

mammary glands

produces milk (lactation)

modified sweat glands

colostrum

first milk produced, orange/yellow color

regions

walls/layers

body

fundus

cervix

main portion

uterine tube enters

narrow outlet, protrudes into vagina or opening into uterus

endometrium

myometrium

perimetrium

inner layer, allow implantation, slough off no pregnancy

middle layer of smooth muscle

outer visceral peritoneum, covering abdominal organs

puberty

female breasts develop from fat and milk ducts developing, hormonal. can feed baby after childbirth

stimulate development and growth of lining of uterine wall to ready for implantation, prepare mammary gland for lactation, help maintain pregnancy

inhibin

progesterone

trigger suppression of hypothalamus form releasing GNRH

corpus luteum

estrogen, inhibin, progesterone all release

shell left after release mature oocyte from mature follicle

stimulate growth of uterus, low

low levels

high levels

release FSH

release LH GnRH

symptoms

depends on person

trouble uninating

blood in semen

ed discomfort in pelvic area

may have none at first

bone pain

risk factor

treatment

black man higher risk

family history of prostate or breast cancer

obesity

chemo

surgery

radiation

hormone threapy

tubal ligation

fimbriae

receive oocyte from ovary, cilia inside tub move to uterus (3-4 days), fertilization occur inside uterine tube

birth canal