《Reproductive System》 Sara Espinoza Period 6
〚Major Functions〛
〚Anatomy of female reproductive structures〛
〚Hormones〛
〚Events of female hormonal cycles〛
〚Disorders associated with the reproductive system〛
〚Anatomy of Male reproductive structures〛
sperm
ovaries
ovarian cycle
prostate caner
ductus system
uterus
vagina
uterine (fallopian) tube
external genitalia
labia
vestibule
mon pubis
clitoris
testes
support
ovarian ligament
broad ligament
suspensory ligaments
oogenesis
ovulation
menopause
Graafian follicle
delivery of female gamete
secondary/accessory
outer cortex
inner medulla
tunica albuginea
secure ovary to lateral walls of pelvic
attach ovary to uterus
encloses suspensory ligament
primary female sex organs
develop female gamete, the oocyte, in follicles
fibrous capsule
have loose connective tissue with large blood vessels and nerves
process producing ova/ovum (egg cells)
mature oocyte before being released
reproductive ability ends
ability to release eggs, begins at puberty
ductus system
ductus deferens (vas deferens)
urethra
epididymis
accessory organs
external genitalia
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
seminal vesicle
penis
scrotum
covering
septa (septum)
tunica albuginea
seminiferous tubules
Sertoli cells
spermatogenesis
anatomy
head
acrosome
midpiece
flagella
spermatic cord
vasectomy
semen
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland/ Cowper's gland
regions
shaft (body)
glans penis
root
prepuce (foreskin)
internal structure
corpora cavernosa
corpora spongiosum
primary sex organ
male gamete
delivery of male gamete
secondary sex organs
capsule surrounding the testes
extension that divides testis into lobules
1-4 in each lobule
provide nutrients and supportive function
production of sperm cells
has nucleus with DNA
has enzyme needed to penetrate the female egg
has mitochondria
propels sperm
matures and stores sperm cell
carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, connected by cn sheath
cutting off the ductus deferens, prevent transportation of sperm
carry both sperm and urine, not same time
provide transport medium sperm, inhabit bacterial multiplication
has fructose, vitamin c that nourish and activate sperm
helps activate sperm
lubricate penis for penetration before ejaculation, cleanses neutralizes traces of acidic urine
sac of skin outside abdomen that holds testes
deliver semen into female retrodictive tract
attach to body wall
movable, 3 cylindrical columns of erectile tissue
has urethral opening
fold cuff of skin around proximal end
erectile tissue surrounding blood vessel, penis becomes rigid
surrounds urethra
gametes
male
female
testosterone
estrogen
androgens
receive ovulated oocyte, site for fertilization
receive fertilized egg, retain, and nourish. hollow organ
hymen
partially close vaginal opening, allow vaginal secretions to pass outside
vulva
labia majora
labia minora
skin fold around vaginal opening
outer fold
inner fold
fatty pad over pubic symphysis, covered by pubic hair
enclosed by labia majora, opening to urethra, greater vestibular gland, Bartholin's gland
erectile tissue, correspond to penis, become engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
uterine (mensuration) cycle
follicular phase
luteal phase
proliferative phase
secretory phase
menstrual phase
in ovaries leading to maturation and ovulation
prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized ovum
day 1-14, mensuration-ovulation, FSH, follicular cells secret estrogen
ovulation
day 14, spike increase in LH, release oocyte, rise in progesterone
15-28, follicle expels oocyte, empty shell become corpus luteum, progestogen, some estrogen, inhibin suppress FSH
day 1-5, decline estrogen and progesterone, cell shed, bleeding
6-14, estrogen stimulate grow blood vessels endometrium, thick endometrium, implantation
day 15-28, uterus become ready for pregnancy, uterine gland enlarge, secrete nutrients sustain embryo until implantation
mesopause
symptoms
hot flashes
dizziness
headaches
insomnia
sleepiness
depression
possible increase sex drive
menstrual cycle ceases, 45-55
gonads
female
male
testes
ovaries
diploid
haploid
2 copies each chromosome, 46 total 26 pairs
1 copy each chromosome, 23 total
male reproductive system
female reproductive system
produce and disseminate a large quantity of male
gamete
produce sperm and deliver it to the egg
accessory organs
delivery system for gamete
produces and secretes seminal fluids
production of gamete and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
mammary glands
produces milk (lactation)
modified sweat glands
colostrum
first milk produced, orange/yellow color
regions
walls/layers
body
fundus
cervix
main portion
uterine tube enters
narrow outlet, protrudes into vagina or opening into uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
inner layer, allow implantation, slough off no pregnancy
middle layer of smooth muscle
outer visceral peritoneum, covering abdominal organs
puberty
female breasts develop from fat and milk ducts developing, hormonal. can feed baby after childbirth
stimulate development and growth of lining of uterine wall to ready for implantation, prepare mammary gland for lactation, help maintain pregnancy
inhibin
progesterone
trigger suppression of hypothalamus form releasing GNRH
corpus luteum
estrogen, inhibin, progesterone all release
shell left after release mature oocyte from mature follicle
stimulate growth of uterus, low
low levels
high levels
release FSH
release LH GnRH
symptoms
depends on person
trouble uninating
blood in semen
ed discomfort in pelvic area
may have none at first
bone pain
risk factor
treatment
black man higher risk
family history of prostate or breast cancer
obesity
chemo
surgery
radiation
hormone threapy
tubal ligation
fimbriae
receive oocyte from ovary, cilia inside tub move to uterus (3-4 days), fertilization occur inside uterine tube
birth canal