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Political factors affecting development, Weak Law & Order - Coggle…

- - - - Since 1971 Bangladesh has suffered from nation-building troubles. They have hardly experienced any political stability. Many sorts of violent, meaningless, destructive methods been used by the political parties. Known as "hartal", it was commonly used over 100 years ago. However, it is a influential tool of political instability in Bangladesh. For example, it had a negative impact on education, delaying it and hampering schedules and exams.
      - However, Bangladesh has maintained a GDP growth rate of 6 percent from 2005 to 2014. The country has large reserves of natural gas & coal. Bangladesh had always held an economic commercial deficit in the case of exports and imports.
      - This instability has a large effect on development, even according to businessmen in Bangladesh. For example, the transport sector and small retail shops are hit very hard during political strikes. The tourism industry of Bangladesh has also been harmed by political instabilities. Ongoing civil unrests, hartals, associated violence; roadblocks, and etc. had jeopardized everything in the business.
      - They are ranked 39th out of 178 countries on the Fragile State Index with a score of 85.7, compared to 2008 where it had a score of 100.3. Meaning instability has increased.
    - - Jordan is located in the Middle East, it is surrounded by political turmoil. Hosting several waves of refugees, public debt, corruption and poverty, and high unemployment rates, Jordan faces many economic and political challenges.
      - They are ranked 67th out of 178 countries on the Fragile State Index after being 96th in 2011. Meaning this instability has increased.
      - Jordan has suffered several conflicts and crises. They are a constitutional monarchy, the nation is the source powers and the legislative function is exercised by an elected parliament. However, the political system suffers from weak participation, with over 30 parties where none have achieved the majority in the parliament. The link between this instability and the development of the country has been proven with analysis of economic performance, freedom of the country, and etc.
- - - - Rank: 1/180
      - Score: 88/100
      - With a score of 88, New Zealand is consistently one of the top performers on the CPI, both in the region and around the world.
      - Weak disclosure laws mean that bad-faith actors can legally spend NZ$13,600 (US$8,980) to influence elections without any disclosure whatsoever. They can spend up to NZ$100,000 (US$66,000) without having to submit a post election expense report, and as much as NZ$330,000 (US$217,800) without disclosing funding sources.
      - Weak disclosure laws mean that bad-faith actors can legally spend NZ$13,600 (US$8,980) to influence elections without any disclosure whatsoever. They can spend up to NZ$100,000 (US$66,000) without having to submit a post election expense report, and as much as NZ$330,000 (US$217,800) without disclosing funding sources.
    - - Rank: 165/180
      - Score: 19/100
      - With a score of 19, Afghanistan is a significant improved nation on the CPI, climbing 11 points since 2012. The country instituted significant legal and institutional reforms and recently announced plans to establish a new anti-corruption commission.
    - - Rank: 129/180
      - Score 30/100
      - With a score of 30, Malawi is a significant decliner on the CPI, dropping seven points since 2012. Notorious for the “cash-gate scandal” of 2013, involving high levels of public sector corruption and misappropriation of funds, the country continues to grapple with corruption. A recent government audit revealed public sector corruption of astronomical proportions, with an estimated US$1 billion allegedly stolen by the previous government. A new government elected in June 2020 promises a fresh start, with several investigations into corruption already underway, and some key arrests made in connection with a cement import scandal.
- - - - Countries that are located near trade routes usually have good development. Countries that are landlocked find trade more expensive which slows down their development. Countries in the post and even now have always fought for trade routes. Europe and North America make good strides in economic spheres from huge tracts of very fertile land, temperate climate and good rainfall. In extreme climate, either hot or cold, much energy is spent in human survival and mobility. Working hours in these climatic regions are reduced awfully due to hot and wet climate. Most of the poorest and underdeveloped countries in the world are severely hindered for they are landlocked, situated in high mountain ranges, or lack navigable rivers, long coastlines or good natural harbours. Afghanistan, Rwanda, Malawi, Bolivia, Ethiopia and a host of other African, Asian and Latin American countries suffer from underdevelopment over the bygone centuries much due to hostile geography. Afghanistan's location allows for a lot of illicit economy. illicit economy accounts for a significant share of production, exports, and employment, and includes opium production, smuggling, and illegal mining.
- - - - Maduro has decreased the living standards as their crime and drug rates increase. At the moment, drug trafficking has become a major problem in Venezuela.
      - The conditions in prisons are not a secure place. All prisons seem to be overcrowded and quite dangerous as some inmates might carry firearm. Due to the lack of justice system in Venezuela, the overcrowding will be caused by that since prisoners lack access to effective legal counsel.
    - - “Basically it is a body that is helping the president to do whatever he wants without the rule of law..."
      - “After two years we have not seen in Venezuela a single draft of any article for a new constitution – not a single one.“
      - Rafael Chavero Gazdik, a professor of constitutional law at Universidad Central de Venezuela
  - - - “The police are sending a message that ‘nobody can judge the police, we can do anything...’ ”