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Passive - Coggle Diagram
Passive
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how is it formed? (different tenses, infinitive, gerund, modals)
General verb formation
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Simple Past
- was/were done
I wasn’t invited, but I went.
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Infinitive
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- for stative verbs (feel, believe, know…) passive is preferred
They believe him to be dangerous. unusual
He is believed to be dangerous common in news
- for “said” this is the only acceptable form
NOT They say his company to be in trouble
His com pany is said to be in trouble
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Modal verbs
- regular modal verbs can be used (see) without changing the meaning
Dogs may chase cats.
Cats may get chased by dogs.
- followed by a infinitives change in meaning because of change in S
Dogs like to chase cats.
Cats like to be chased by dogs, (different and - of course - untrue)
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Verbs with prepositions
- direct objects become subjects with preposition at the end
Nobody listens to her. She is never listened to
Somebody has paid fo r your meal. Your meal has been paid for.
- indirect objects can not become subject
They threw stones a t him. Stones were thrown at him.
NOT *He was thrown stones at
They poured water on us. Water was poured on us.
NOT We were poured water on*
check it from pdf
- verbs with 2 objects what is new/emphasized
He was given a gold watch,
A gold watch was given to him
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