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Industrial practice By Usman - Coggle Diagram
Industrial practice
By Usman
A need for products
- Products are made to trade for food and other products.
Industrial revolution
- Increase in automation, Linear assembly processing began in many areas including: Ship building, bridge construction
Bespoke or one off
- Made to measure, highly skilled people required, time consuming, specific to client needs, high quality materials
One of profile
- High unit costs, Highly skilled labor and high quality products
Batch production
- More than one to thousands of units. Uses jigs, moulds, formers and templates. CAD/CAM often used, some level of automation, used in clothing, newspapers/magazines
Mass or line production
- High number of products need to be produced quickly and consistently. Uses high level of automation and high initial set up costs.
Mass produced goods:
Requires high capital investment, suited for high and continuous products, used in boxes, bottles and cans. Less flexibility, low unit costs, high level of automation, high initial set costs
Efficient production methods
- Kaizen: Continuous development, reduction of lead time
Lean production
- Strives to reduce waste in seven distinct areas, Over production, waiting, transportation, over processing,
UPS - unit production system
- Uses overhead tracks to move component parts, usually garments on hanging carriers, increases control of workflow, automatic movement of products reduces labor costs
Quick response manufacturing
- The amount of time taken to respond to orders for a part or product is known as lead time. QRM is focused on going through the design process and developing products to meet a customer's needs quickly.
Vertical production
- Arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is owned by that company. Those that opt for vertical production set up their manufacturing in such a way that they minimize the need for external suppliers.
Ads
Reduction in the price inflation, less susceptibility to suppliers going out of business.
Dis
Reduction in flexibility, complex management structure.
Global supply chains
- Global materials can cause raw material costs to fluctuate. Higher costs are absorbed by manufactures and are passed onto consumers.
Efficient processing
- Manufacturing processes can increase accuracy and reduce waste for maximum efficiency. Accuracy and reduction of waste increases profits and ensures efficient use of resources, including time and labor.
Circular economy
- Aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources. Manufactures design products to be reusable
Bulk production
- Makes automatic processing financially viable, saving time and labor costs. Discounts can be negotiated and often cheaper when buying bulk raw materials.
Just in time production
- A production method that relies on materials and components arriving at the point of manufacture.
Kanban
- System used to control the movement of materials and components from suppliers and through a factory.
Virtual modelling
- Can be used to test products. Used to stimulate a manufacturing process.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
- Used to stimulate the flow of fluids or gasses in or around a product
Finite element analysis (FEA)
- Used to stimulate things such as vibrations or shock loads on products or components, which can highlight any weak points.
Rapid prototyping process
Process of downloading a 3D CAD file to a machine that will product a 3D model of the drawing. It's fast, highly accurate. Stereolithography is one of the most accurate 3D printing methods capable of producing plastic models with high levels of accuracy and quality.
Fused deposition modelling
- These machines build or print a 3D model from 3D CAD drawings which slice the drawings and guides an extruder in paths to built the product from bottom up.
Electronic data interchange
- EPOS is a system capturing data when consumers purchase goods. This information is used to control stock levels, data/marketing.
Risks of CAD
- Can be expensive, Digital files are easy to replicate, making it difficult for designers to protect their work
2D CAD
- Used for artwork to show technical defects and can be used to export files for CAM drawings with built in software tools such as array/ mirror, scale/dimensions.
3D CAD
- Offers a 360 degrees view and walk through tours. Gives a realistic idea of the final product.
Laser cutting
- Converts 2D CAD designs to CNC code to move a machine head along the X and Y axes. It can engrave and cut.
CNC milling
- Can be used to cut complex 3D forms, variety of cutting tools are used to machine complex shapes.
Turning
- Involves the use of lathes usually to machine metals in bar form or plastic rods. It can reduce the diameter and length of the bar or for more complex operations.
Plotter cutting
- Plotter cutters convert 2D cad drawings into CNC program that will use x and Y coordinates to cut out what has been drawn onto sheets of materials
Integrated IT
- Uses computers to enable planning and control of production process. Integrates aspects such as planning, research, testing, development, purchasing, inventory and involves high levels of automation.
Modular cell production
- This type of work divides work into teams called cells or modules. Each cell works to achieve quality and efficiency to reduce waste.
Quick response manufacturing
- Makes extensive use of CAD and rapid prototyping with 3D printers. It incorporates and builds on JIT.
Flexible manufacturing
- Makes extensive use of modular/cell production and other systems that facilitate easy transfer of production from one part or product that is being made, to another.