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research methods evaluations - Coggle Diagram
research methods evaluations
experiments
laboratory
strengths: high control over extraneous variables, replication is more possible due to high level of control
limitations: may lack generalisability the environment may be artificial, participants are usually aware they are being tested therefore an artificial environment
field
strengths: higher mundane realism than the others as the environment is more natural , produce behaviour that is more valid, participants may be unaware
limitations: loss of control of extraneous variables, participants cannot give consent therefore there is ethical issues
natural
strengths: high external validity as involve real life issues as they happen
limitations: limits the scope of generalising findings in similar situations, participants may not be randomly allocated to experimental conditions
quasi
strengths: often carried out under controlled conditions
limitations: cannot randomly allocate participants to conditions therefore may be confounding variables
experimental design
independent measure groups
participants are not the same causing problems
researchers use random allocation
strength: order effects are not a problem, participants are less likely to guess the aim
repeated measures
order may be significant when doing 2 tasks
participants more likely to figure out the aim
participant variables are controlled
matched pairs
order effects and demand characteristics are less of a probem as participants only take part in one condition
participants can never be matched exactly
matching can be time consuming and expensive
sampling
opportunity sampling
strengths: less time consuming and isn't expensive
weaknesses: not very representative, experimental bias
random sampling
strengths: more representative would't be bias
weaknesses: time consuming, difficult to get hold of people, expensive
stratified sampling
strengths: representative meaning we can generalise to the target population, no experimenter bias
weakness: can't pick up on everyones differences
self selected sampling
strengths: more ethical as they give their consent by volunteering for the study, easy
weaknesses: certain type of people who volunteer ( volunteer bias)
systematic sampling
strengths: avoids researcher bias, representative
observations
covert