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experiments - Coggle Diagram
experiments
lab
highly controlled environment
strengths
control over extraneous variables
increased reliability
weaknesses
low ev
increased demand characteristics
quasi
naturally occurring independent variable
strengths
less manipulation
can measure situations that would be unethical to manipulate
weaknesses
low replicability
low control over extraneous variables
field
carried out in p's natural environment
strengths
increased ev
decrease demand characteristics
weaknesses
increased extraneous variables
ethical issues
IMD
participants take part in one condition of the study
strengths
reduced demand characteristics
no practice effects
weaknesses
more participants needed
participant variables may occur
RMD
participants take part in all conditions of the study
strengths
less participants needed
low individual differences
weaknesses
order effects
demand characteristics
MPD
p's matched on similar characteristics
strengths
no order effects
control of individual differences
weaknesses
time consuming
matching can be limited
opportunity sampling
researcher takes anyone who is available at the time of research
strengths
quick and easy
collects group with similar characteristics
weaknesses
unrepresentative
increased chance of researcher bias
self selected sample
participants choose themselves to take part in research
strengths
easy to carry out
reach wide variety of p's
weaknesses
unrepresentative
can generate small samples
snowball sampling
when participants are recruited by friends/colleagues of existing p's
strengths
quick and easy
convenient
weaknesses
sampling bias
social desirability bias
random sampling
every member has a fair and equal chance of taking part
strengths
representative
unbiased sample
weakness
time onsuming
sample could be accidentally biased