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ANTIBIOTICS (ER 1), . (Streptomycin, Gentamycin (5%, 10%), Neomycin,…
ANTIBIOTICS (ER 1)
PENICILLINS
- G+ :check:
- G- :red_cross: (exc. Moraxella bovis)
- Anaerobes :check:
- Atypical :red_cross: (acts on cell wall)
Bactericidal & Time-dependent
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Best to use bactericidal AB in immunocompromised animals as immune system can't work with AB to fight infection
- neonate / peripart. dairy cow
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Trueperella
most common in chronic 2 bact, infections
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Amoxiclav
- Mastitis
- Metritis
- Peritonitis
- Joint/Navel-ill
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Clav = suicide inhibitor
- fits binding site of B-lactamase and destroyed in the process
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AMINOGLYCOSIDES
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- G+ :red_cross:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobes :red_cross:
- Atypical::question: some action against Mycoplasma (not M. bovis)
Bactericidal & Concentration-dependent
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TETRACYCLINES
LA preps last minimum 3 days (repeat every 3d)
- depends on conc of soln.
- higher conc. could last 5d
- G+ :check:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobic :check:
- Atypical :check:
(Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, Anaplasma)
Bacteriostatic & Concentration-dependent
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USES
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Meningitis/Neuro
Listeria
- loading dose for 1-2 d (20-30 mg/kg)
- reduce to normal conc. for 5-7d
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Replacement for phasing out Fluroquinolones (most common tx of Ecoli mastitis)
- bacteristatics good option as don't release endotoxins
- Options = high dose tetracyclines or potentiated sulphonamides
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FLUROQUINOLONES
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- G+ :check:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobes :red_cross: :red_cross: :red_cross:
- Atypical :check: (M. bovis)
Bactericidal & Concentration-dependent
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Poor aerobic cover
- do NOT use with foot problems, diphtheria, laryngeal problems, cellulitis
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E. coli Mastitis
Most important aspect of treatment
- Fluids (oral/IV)
- NSAIDs
- Milking out endotoxic fluid
At watery stage of mastitis - most bacteria dead so dealing with toxins
- could be some e.coli septicaeemia but use tetracyclines for this
- management more important
Conc. dependent ABs work very fast
- Fluoroquinolones @ high conc. = >90% kill in 24hrs
- Don't need 3d course (not good practice)
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MACROLIDES
- G+ :check:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobes :check:
- Atypical :check:
(variable efficacy with M. bovis)
Bacteriostatic
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Tylosin - 24hr activity
- only one not on CIAB list
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Erythromycin - not used in cattle anymore
- now just used in equine for Tx of Rhodococcus equi with rifampin
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widely used in pig & poultry production
- used a lot in feed and water
- prophylactic treatment
- big problem with AMR in these spp.
Cattle - Tylosin
- Mastitis
- metritis
- pneumonia
- joint & foot inf. (DD)
Good MIC in milk (chronic staph mastitis)
however doesn't improve cure rates by much
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Micotil: <0.1ml IV can kill a human
- :red_cross: prescribed
- veterinary use ONLY
Chronic M. bovis very hard to treat
- recovery rates much higher in the acute phase
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Some macrolides shown to have prokinetic effect on intestines => might be best to admin Tylosin as post DA Sx antibiotic to increase abomasal emptying and combat ileus
LINCOSAMIDES
Low concentration so High volume doses
- 1ml/10kg daily for 5-7 days
- used off label in cows but not very practical as might need 60+ mls
- G+ :check:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobic :check:
- Atypical :red_cross:
Bacteristatic & Time-dependant
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Double concentration pig version available which some people use but very off label and would get you in a lot of trouble
Closely related to Macrolides
- better with G-
- Macrolides better with G+
- Both still broadspec
USES
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Good penetration & MICs in bone & cartilage
- tissues with poor perfusion
- bone, cartilage and synovial tissue
- Osteomyelitis (fracture/salmonella)
- Joint-ill**
- Laryngeal chondritis/Diphtheria (belgian blues/texel sheep)
- Footbaths
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CEPHALOSPORINS
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- G+ :check:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobes :check:
- Atypical :red_cross:
(no effect against M. bovis)
Bactericidal & Time-dependent-
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3rd gen.
Ceftiofur (Excenel, Eficur)
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AMPHENICOLS
- G+ :check:
- G- :check:
- Anaerobes :check:
- Atypical :check:
(Mycoplasma)
Bactericidal & Concentration-dependent
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Florfenicol (Nuflor)
Uses
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10ml/150kg IM lasts 48hrs
- 2 inj. needed for pneumonia Tx
- All acute infections need min. 3 days Tx
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Or use Nuflor Minidose - more concentrated, less volume required
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- Amikacin ( :red_cross: licenced)
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1st, 2nd and 3rd generation have 0 milk withdrawal
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- long acting ceftiofur (7d)
- inject into the fat pad at base of ear
NB: Don't allow other liquids (incl. water) to contaminate/mix with amoxiclav => the base tends to coagulate into thick uninjectable mess (wasted bottle)
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