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The Aims and Hopes of the Paris Peace Conference, Paris peace treaty -…
The Aims and Hopes of the Paris Peace Conference
The United States
The Fourteen Points
No secret treaties
Free access to the sea
Free trade
Disarmament
Solve colony problems with the people living in the colony
Leave Russia alone and recognize new government
Leave Belgium alone and let it be independent
Germans leave France; Alsace and Lorraine returned to France
Italy should expand to include Italian speakers
Austria-Hungary should split into separate countries (self-determination)
Leave the Balkans alone; Serbian access to the sea
Turks rule the Ottoman Empire; other Middle East nations make new countries; Dardanelles remain open
Independent Poland with access to the sea
Make a League of Nations
US in World War I
Entered the war late - no major battles until 1918
Did not have the same loss of life as other allies
Allies should not look for land or financial compensation for the war
Woodrow Wilson's ideas for world peace
Germany should be punished "treated like a convict"
Adopt the14 Points
free trade
disarmament
self-determination in E. Europe, Balkans, and Middle East
sign the covenant of the League
no secret treaties
France
Territorial aims
Alsace-Lorraine to return to France
Poland created between Germany and Russian
Rhineland buffer should created between France and Germany
France colonies to be carved from Ottoman territory
Militory considerations
Germnay militory should limited as much as possible
Britain and US should sign a alliance with France
Reparations
Pay for war damage
Pay for war expenses
To punish Germany for causing the war
Germany
Situation before the peace treaty
Germany change to parliamentary government
Better result for the peace terms
Agree with harsh armistice
Facing internal threats from Boshevik and old governmen
t
Mass starvation and Spainish pandemics
Economy collapsed
No one want fight
More equaly in Paris peace treaty
Wants
Avoid being blamed for eitire war
Keep reparations to a minimum
Retain terms of Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as much as possible
Preserve borders and structure of state as much as possible
A balence judge
Italy
Italy in World War
The country lacks unity and resources
In World War I, Italy was hit hard by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Germany, killing more than 600,000 people
May 1915 enters the war and secretly signs the Treaty of London
Treaty of London promised to Italian territory
Port of Trieste and Istria
German colonies in Asia and Africa
Large tracts of land in the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Control of Albania
Hope for war losses
Britain
UK in WWI
Lost 900,000 troops in the WWI
Fear of the powerful German Navy
British declare war on Germany in 1914 when German army crossed into neutral Belgium.
Navy Supremacy
Rejected the second point of the fourteen points (all nations should have free use of the seas during peace and war)
Main aim: Eliminate German navy threat that existed and during the WWI
Largely achieved with Allied powers in Paris in 1918
Concerned with maintaining a navy supremacy
Colonial and territorial considerations
To make sure no bases or ports for German navy in future
Territorial ambitions primarily lay in the middle-east for oil
Desire to take over some of German’s trade
Divide Ottoman territory with France
Wish to divest Germany of its colonies
Accomplished during the war
Paris peace treaty