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Unit #1: Present time, Present Simple - Coggle Diagram
Unit #1: Present time
Present Continuous
( progressive)
Form:
The present of the verb "be" + the present participle of the main verb
Example: What are you
doing?
Spelling rules for forming the present participle:
Base form + ing: draw/ drawing
Base form ending in "e" + ing: take/ taking.
Base form + consonant + ing: swim/ swimming.
Negative form: Verb to "be" + not + veb (ing)
Example:
She is running.
Questions: Verb to "be" + subject + verb (ing)....?
Example:
Are you eating now?
Use
Actions
which are in
progress at the moment (Temporary situations)
Example
: I´m staying in a hotal until I find a fiat.
Actions
that can be
actually in process.
Example:
The dog is sleeping on our bed!
Actions
that can be
generally in progress but not actually happening at the moment
Example:
I´m learning to drive.
Temporary situations
Example:
Are you enjoying you stay here?
Repeated actions
Example:
My car has broken down, so I am walking to work these days.
Complaints about annoying habits
Example:
You are always making snide remarks about my cooking!
Other possible adverbs are: constantly, continually, forever.
Verbs describing change and development
Example:
The weather is getting worse!
Exceptions
Some verbs have a
stative meaning
and a different
active meaning
Typical examples are:
Verb "be"
State:
Jack is noisy.
Personal characteristic.
Event
: Jill´s being noisy.
He is behaving in that way, just for that moment (temporary situation)
Have
State
: He has a Fiat.
Possesion
Event:
I am having a good time.
I am experiencing
Think
State:
I think that the worlds´s problems are getting worse.
Personal opinion
Event:
I am thinking of contributing to "Caritas".
I am considering
Taste
State:
The fish tastes awful!
It has an awful flavor
Event:
I´m just tasting the soup.
The action of “taste” something is happening at the moment of speaking
Feel
State:
I feel that you are wrong.
Opinion/ believe
Event:
I´m feeling terrible.
a particular emotion that it is happening at the moment of speaking
Weigh
State:
She weighs 70 kilos.
Physical Appareance / personal characteristc of that person
Event:
I´m weighing the ingredients for the cake
the action of " weigh" sth is happening at that moment.
Depend
State:
It depends what you mean.
Personal opinion
Event:
Bill, i am depending on you to win this contract for us.
I’m counting on you
Present Simple
Form:
It only changes after
He, She or It
.
The negative form:
Auxiliaries "Do" or "Does" + Not (negator) +infinitive verb.
Examples
: She doesn´t use a red pen./ I don´t play voleyball.
ADD:
"S"
to the base form.
"ES"
after o,s,sh,ch and x.
"IES"
when the base form ends in "Y" which is preceded by a consonant.
Examples
: He reads. / I read.
She watches. / We watch.
Questions
: Auxiliary "Do" or "Does" + Subject + infinitive verb...?
Example:
Do you get up at 6:30 ?
Use
Facts
that are always true
Example:
The earth goes round the sun
Habits
Example:
I work in a bank.
States
Example:
I don´t like gangster films.
State verbs
describe a continuing state
Typical examples are:
believe, belong, consist, contain, doubt, fit, have, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, own, prefer, seem, suppose, suspect, understand, want, wish.
Making declarations
( verbs describing opinions and feelings tend to be state verbs)
Example:
I hope you´ll come to my party.
Headlines
( these are written in a "Telegram" style) and
references to the past
.
Example:
Ship sinks in midnight collision.
Instructions
(personal style) and
itineraries
(descriptions of travel arrangements)
Example:
First you roll out the pastry.
Example:
On day three we visit Stratford-upon-Avon.
Summaries of events
(plots of stories, films, etc, and summaries of historical events)
Example
: May 1945: the war in Europe conies to an end.
Historic present in narrative
and funny stories (to describe past events, especially to make the narration seem more inmediate and dramatic).
Example:
So then the second man asks the first one why he has a banana in his ear and the first one says...