Application Layer

Application Layer Protocols

The Application Layer provides the interface to the network

Presentation and Session Layers

three primary functions

Coding and conversion of application layer data

Compression of the data

Encryption of the data for transmission and the decryption of data upon receipt by the destination

Functions create and maintain dialogs between source and destination applications
Handles the exchange of information to initiate dialogs, keep them active, and to restart sessions

TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols

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Domain Name Service Protocol (DNS) - used to resolve Internet names to IP addresses

Telnet - a terminal emulation protocol used to provide remote access to servers and networking devices

Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) - a precursor to the DHCP protocol, a network protocol used to obtain IP address information during bootup

Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) - used to assign an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server to a host

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - used to transfer files that make up the Web pages of the World Wide Web

Common P2P Applications

With P2P applications, each computer in the network running the application can act as a client or a server for the other computers in the network running the application

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Common P2P applications include:

eDonkey

eMule

Shareaza

BitTorrent

Bitcoin

LionShare

Some P2P applications are based on the Gnutella protocol which enables people to share files on their hard disks with others

Well-Known Application Layer Protocols and Services

Three application layer protocols that are involved in everyday work or play are:

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

browse the web

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

used to enable users to send email

Post Office Protocol (POP)

used to enable users to receive email