Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Learning Theories - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theories
Behaviorism
- A shift in external behavior accomplished by the use of reinforcement and repetition to mold the behavior of learners. Positive and negative reinforcement, punishment (Ertmer & Newby, 2013).
:silhouettes: Major Theorists
Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, John B. Watson: Learning is a result of interacting with forces in the environment (Reimann, 2018).
Major Characteristics
Teacher- centered, imitation, reinforcement, practise, habit formation
Role of Memory
Repetitive interactions in which reward and punishment have the greatest influence
How does learning occurs?
Learning happens
as students can apply their stimulus-response knowledge to more general and new contexts (What is the behavioral learning theory?, 2020).
Types of learning
Teaching strategies: drills (patterns, repetition, reinforcement), guided practice (demonstration, reinforcement), standard and unit reviews (reinforcement, retain), Bonus and participation points (Ertmer & Newby, 2013).
Tasked based learning: low-ordered thinking skills: remembering and understanding (Reimann, 2018).
Cognitivism
- Cognitivism focuses on the learner's cognitive processing of information and their ability to connect new information to prior experience (Ertmer & Newby, 2013).
:silhouettes: Major Theorists
Robert Gagne, David Ausubel, Jerome Bruner:
:
Types of learning
Teaching Strategies
- Lecturing, Visual tools, Chunking, Discussions, Mnemonics
Enactive learning
(learn by doing),
Vicarous learning
(learn by observing), reasoning, problem-solving, information-processing,
Role of memory
Information is received, arranged, and retained in memory before being recovered in an orderly and substantive manner.
How does learning occurs?
Learning occurs
as a result of internal mental behavior. The learner brings information, abilities, and experiences related to the learning environment. The learner is the primary tool in the cognitivism learning process (Ertmer & Newby, 2013).
Major Characteristics
Learning viewed as an internal process
structuring, arranging, and sequencing data to allow for efficient processing
Constructivism- Learning is dependent on how a person interprets and generates context from his or her experiences. The learner constructs knowledge, and since everyone has a diverse collection of experiences and expectations, learning is unique and distinct for each person (What is Constructivism, 20200)
Role of memory
Learners tend to remember better if they develop their own knowledge.
Memory is shaped by combining previous experience with present meaning (Ertmer & Newby, 2013).
How does learning occur?
By generating context from one's experiences.
Learners shape personal world views based on their own perceptions and connections.
:silhouettes: Major Theorist
Learners use prior experience to make sense of what they are experiencing (Ertmer & Newby, 2013).
John Dewey
Jean Piaget
Types of learning
Personalized learning, Problem based learning, Prob/em solving, Collaborative learning
Teaching strategies
collaborative group work, Scaffolding, Brainstorming
Major Characteristics
Learning through exploration, Learners construct understanding, new learning depends on current understanding
Mashaunda Goods Grand Canyon University EDU 522: Curriculum Design Theories Professor Mary Webb April 7, 2021
