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TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ALAN C.…
TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
ALAN C. KERCKHOFF
DIMENSIONS OF SOCIETY VARIATIONS
These are the three most important sources that affect the transtion from school to work
Educational Standardization
America have a desentralization of the system in comparation with Europe
European countries have a national goverment control and more contributions from this adminsitration
Great Britain: controlled but not so strictly
Germany: subject to more control
France: as the german system, is more controlled
The United States: less controlled in comparation with europeans
Centralization leads into standarization
General and Vocational Educationals Credentials
America have a system with awarding this credentials but this normally don't affects directly to the labor force
On the othe hand, in Europe the credential awarded has a significant relevance to position in labor force
Britain: they are called "qualifications"
France: the awarded are in relation of the three types of secundary schools
Germany: are in clearly relation to the transition process (as well as the others)
Educational Stratification
Differentiation of schools whose functions are difined in terms of
higher
and
lower
levels of academic offerings
European systems reflected social class division through vocational schools and stricted elite schools
Vocational degrees have been seen as
low
levels
Elite schools were, on the othe hand, the
high
levels
Small percentage arrive to secondary school and less on university system
Great Britain: sponsorship system (selective system)
Sponsoring students to
gammar schools
(access to obtention of skils and credentials)
Secondary modern curriculum
less demandig but more vocational
(access to six-year form courses)
Germany: highly stratified system (separation of kids in 3 different secondary schools)
Elite school,
Gymnasium
(grade 5 to 13, plenty access to university later)
General education,
Realschule
(grade 5 to 10, access to advances schools voationaly)
Lowest level,
Hauptschule
(grade 9 or 10, access only to vocational schools)
France: was highly stratified until the introducction of
alternative schools
(more oportunities and flexibility)
Baccalauréat
(first part of secondary certificate, access to higher education)
Grandes écoles
(second part of secondary certificate, access to elite education, needs admision)
America: lower degree of stratification in coparation with Europe
Contest mobility
(all of the students have or try the option of study higher level of studies)
Different elements affect the transition from shcool to work, also taking in to account the health of the society's economy
COMPARATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
Germany
Overview
Great Britain
France
The United States
DO THE DIFFERENCES MATTER?
Associaton between Educational Attainment and Level of First Job
Changes in Educational Attainment after the First Job
Job Changes and Early Career Mobility
OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
SOME REMAINING ISSUES
Which first job?
The Transition Period
Credentials and Class Distributions
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Stratified condition of society
(hierarchy of classes and occupational positions)
Form porfessionals to uneskilled laborers
Social origin, educational attaintment and class destination are closely related to the patern of an sspecific level of class
Stratified process
is the operation of mechanisms through which generations end up on those ocupational levels
Role of educational institutions in distributing future worker in labor force
The process of stratification is linked to educational attainment and occupational placement
Acceptation of the stratification and distribution
Combined with:
The individual's family of orientation
Educational institutions
Adult mobility within the labor force
Meritxell Guigó Arce, 2nd A