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Romaine (2000) Ch4 Language and gender. An introduction to…
Romaine (2000) Ch4 Language and gender. An introduction to Sociolinguistics, pp. 101-134, (2nd ed) Oxford University Press, UK.
Sex & Gender
Sex
= male and female. Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.
Gender
= masculine and feminine. Gender refers to society's expectations about how we should think and act as girls and boys, and women and men. It is our biological, social, and legal status as women and men.
Femininity:
dependent emotional passive sensitive quiet graceful innocent weak flirtatious nurturing self-critical soft sexually submissive accepting words commonly used to describe.
Masculinity:
independent non-emotional aggressive tough-skinned competitive clumsy experienced strong active self-confident hard sexually aggressive rebellious.
Differences
Genetic differences
Physical differences
Women speech
Women speech is trivial gossip-laden, corrupt ,illogical,idle euphemistic or deficient highly suspect, nor is it necessarily more precise ,cultivated or stylish or less profane than men's speech.
Men speech
Men gossip just as much as women do but men’s gossip is just different. Men indulge in a kind of phatic small talk that involves insults, challenges, and various kinds of negative behavior to do exactly what women do by their use of nurturing,polite, feedback- laden, cooperative talk.
Phonological Differences
Between the speech of men and women have been noted in a variety of languages. o women have palatalized velar stops where men have palatalized dental stops, e.g., the difference is not only gender-related, but also age-graded.
Influence by Gender Considerations
The gender of the speaker - The gender of the hearer - The gender of the audience - The gender of the person referred to or spoken
Sociolect Differences: Dialogues and Styles of Speech
Styles of speech are influenced by many factors such as: geographical dimensions, temporal dimensions (age, time), context of situation (the how, when, where, the who with, the what, under what circumstances).
Sociolect Differences: Dialogues and Styles of Speech
(polite, playing a role, thinking of own interest) - (politeness, formality, audience) - (covering own antipathy with politeness)
By: Ivan Castillo Peña