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TEORI-TEORI PEMBELAJARAN - Coggle Diagram
TEORI-TEORI PEMBELAJARAN
Cognitivism
In the Classroom
Inquiry-orinted project
Opportunities for the testing of hypotheses
Curiosity encouraged
Stagd scaffolfing
Critiques
Does not account enough for individuality
Like Behaviourism, knowledge itself is
given and absolute
Little emphasis on affective characteristics
Input - Process - Output model is mechanistic and
deterministic
Grew in response to Behaviorism
Learning is process of connecting symbols
in a meaningful & memorable way
Studies focused on the mental processes that
facilitate symbol connection
Knowledge is stored cognitively as symbols
Discovery Learning (Jerome Bruner)
Anybody can learn anything at any age, provided it
is stated in terms they can understand
Powerful Concepts (not isolated facts)
Transfer to many different situations
Only possible through Discovery Learning
Meaningful Verbal Learning ( David Ausubel)
Advance Organizers:
New material is presented in a
systematic way
connected to existing cognitive structures
in a meaningful way
When learners have diffculty with new material,go back to concrete anchors (Advance Organizers)
Provide a Discovery approach, and they'll learn
Social Consructictivist
Social Development Theory
View of Knowledge
Knowledge is learned through interactions with other who are more knowledgeable. Language is key to thinking and understanding.
View of
Learning
Most learning takes place in the Zone of Proximal Development th distance between what someone knows and doest not know
Theorist
Lev Vygotsky
How it Informs Instruction
Behavioralist
Social Learning
Theory
View of
Knowledge
Children mimic and Learn the behaviors they observe
View of
Learning
Learning happens through observation and motivation to repeat the observed behaviors.
Theorist
Albert Bandura
How It Informs
Instruction
Good instruction uses observation as a method of learning. Teaching model desired behaviors and allow students to mimic those observed behaviors.
Brain Based Learning
12 Governing Principles
Brain is a parallel prosessor
Whole body learning
A serach for meaning
Patterning
Emotions are critical
Processing of parts and wholes
Focused attention and peripheral percecption
Conscious and unconscious process
Embedded learning sticks
Several types of memory
Challenge and treat
Every brain is unique
In Classroom
A multi-sensory enviroment
Opportunities for self-expression and making personal connections to content
Opportunities for group learning
Community-based learning
Regular environmental changes
Humanist
All students are intrinsically motivated to self actualize or learn
Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs.
Learning should be reinforced
Multiple Intelligences
8 Intelligences
Verbal-Linguistic
Visual-Spatial
Logical-Mathematical
Kinesthetic
Musical
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
In Classroom
Self-directed learning
Authentic assessment
Instruction via multiple medium
Student-centered classroom
Social Learning Theory
Basis of the movement against violance in media and video
games
Learning takes place through observation and
sensorial experiences
Imitations is the sincerest form of flattery.
Learning from models (Albert Bandura)
Retain in memory
Accurately reproduce the observed activity
Code for memory (store a visual image)
Accurately reproduce the observed activity
Attend to pertinent class
In Classroom
Opportunities to observe experts in action
Modelling responses and expectations
Opportunities to observe experts in action