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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia
Descriptive term for group of psychotic disorders in which personal+ social+ occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of
Strange perceptions
Unusual emotional states
Disturbed thought processes
Motor abnormalities
Debilitating disorder
Tremendous social+ psychological costs (Patients+ Families & society)
Symptoms
Negative
(Deficits of
thought, emotion, and behaviour)
‘Pathological deficits’
Include
Blunted Affect
Less anger+ sadness+ joy+ other feelings than most people do
Flat Affect
No emotions at all
Alogia/ Poverty of speech
Reduction in speech and speech content
Avolition
(loss of volition)
Apathy+ an inability to start/ complete a course of action
Social withdrawal
Withdraw socially+ become totally focused on their own ideas and fantasies
Psychomotor
Move less spontaneously/ make odd grimaces & gestures
Catatonia
= Extreme forms of symptoms
Catatonic Rigidity
(Maintaining a rigid+ upright posture for hours)
Catatonic Posturing
(Assuming awkward+ bizarre positions for long periods of time)
Catatonic Stupor
(Motionless+ silent for long stretches of time)
Positive
(Excesses of thought, emotion, and behaviour)
‘Pathological excesses’ or ‘bizarre additions’
Delusions
False belief held firmly on inadequate grounds
Not affected by rational argument+ Has no basis in reality
Types
Reference
Attach special+ personal meaning to the actions of others/ to objects & events
Grandeur
Believe themselves to be specially empowered persons
Persecution
Most common
Being plotted against/ spied on/ slandered/ threatened/ attacked/ deliberately victimised
Control
Believe that their feelings+ thoughts+ actions are controlled by others
Formal Thought Disorders (Disorganised Thinking & Speech)
Not able to think logically+ May speak in
peculiar ways
Make communication extremely difficult
Include
Loosening of associations, Derailment
Rapidly shifting from one topic to another so that normal structure of thinking is muddled+ becomes illogical
Neologisms
Inventing new words or phrases
Perseveration
Persistent+ inappropriate repetition of same thoughts
Heightened perception & hallucinations
Hallucinations
(Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli)
Somatic
Something happening inside body (e.g., snake crawling inside stomach)
Visual
Vague perceptions of colour or distinct visions of people or objects
Tactile
Forms of tingling, burning
Gustatory
Food or drink taste strange
Auditory
Most common
Types
Second-person hallucination
Hear sounds/ voices that speak words+ phrases+ sentences directly to patient
Third-person hallucination
Talk to one another referring to the patient as s/he
Olfactory
Smell of poison or smoke
Inappropriate affect
Emotions unsuited to the situation