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social influence - Coggle Diagram
social influence
explanations for conformity
Asch
task difficulty
when the length of the lines were closer conformity increased suggesting that when people are less sure of the answer they will look at what others say
unanimity
if the group of confederates weren't unanimous when giving the wrong answer conformity form the naïve participant would decrease
conformity study
Naïve participants took part in what they believed to be a test of visual perception. Unbeknownst to them, the other participants were confederates and had been told to give incorrect answers on certain trials. The naïve participants conformed and gave incorrect answers in approximately one third of the trials, despite the fact that the correct answer was obvious.
variables affecting conformity
group size
other people giving different answers
how the answer was provided
difficulty of task
normative social influence
informational social influence
explanations for obedience
legitimacy of authority
for a person to be obedient they need to believe the person with authority has authority and certain factors give a person that authority
situational variables affecting obedience
proximity
if the person giving the instructions was in a different room they participants would be less obedient
location
when in a less official enviroment participants would not follow instructions as well
uniform
when not in uniform participants didn't follow instructions of people in authority as well
agentic state
when a person follows a persons instructions of an authority figure without much personal responsibility
Milgram
the participant think that they are in an experiment with a confederate the participant would ask questions and the confederate would give responses when the answers were wrong the participant was instructed to give an electric shock with increasing voltage (up up 400) the true aim of the experiment was to test if they would administer the high voltages
if the participant refused to give a shock a person besides them would pressure them to give the shock
minority influence
commitment
they need to show that they are committed to their belief
flexibility
they need to appear unbiased whilst not being pressured by social influence
consistency
they need to be consistent in their opinion
types of conformity
identification
changing to meet what a person thinks are the social expectations
compliance
conforming whilst around certain people to fit in whilst not believing what they believe
internalisation
when both your public and private beliefs change to meet the new ideals
conformity to social roles (Zimbardo)
deindividuation (mob mentality)
when a person looses their individual identity whilst in a large crowd or having their identity hidden making it easier to act against their conscience
Stanford prison experiment
Zimbardo found that ordinary college students quickly became abusive when given the roles of “guards” in a mock-prison in the basement of Stanford University.
Abu Ghraib
a real world example
dehumanisation
treating and thinking of people as less than human to make it easier to abuse them
one example would be using numbers instead of names
dispositional explanations for obedience
authoritarian personality
a personality type where a person is very obedient
formed through an upbringing of being submissive to people in authority
internal factors
explanations for resistance to social influence
social support
when they aren't the only person who is going against the majority a person finds it easier to give the answer they believe is right
locus of control
external
things happen to you
internal
you are what makes things happen
the role of social influence in the process of social change
people influences change of old traditions and beliefs e.g. gay marriage being made legal when public opinion changing and therefore legislation changing