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Employment instability and economic crisis in Spain: what are the…

- - - - Growth in employment
        
        Not enough
        
        Temporary jobs
        
        Instability
        
        Permanent job creation: those 40 years and older
- - - - instability among persons entering the labour market
        
        Unstable trajectories between permanent and temporary jobs
        
        Young, female workforce with a low educational level and delay in family emancipation
    - - Dualization of labour trajectories consistent with the equalization of the labour market
    - - Actual crisis
        
        Has worsened the situation
        
        The most affected by job destruction are young people, women, migrants, low-skilled workers...
  - - - Affected: people with low levels of education, women and those working in low-skilled occupations
        
        The initial period of temporary employment has decreased so workers with high education remain unstable at the labour market
    - - The educational system is not egalitarian in attainment
        
        A low economic capacity of families reduces the possibilities of educational investment (immigrant population mostly)
        
        Young people with a middle-class background opportunities are less
        
        Perfect situation:
        
        Longer study and late integration in the labour market occur among young people whose parents have a higher educational and occupational level
- - - - Inequalities Panel (PaD) of the Jaume Bofill Foundation (2012)
        
        Panel survey that began with a sample of 5757 individuals over 16 years of age from 2000 households in Catalonia
        
        Two types of questionnaire
        
        a household one
        
        an individual household
        
        worked with an initial matrix of 4030 individuals in the wave of 2007
  - - - A cluster analysis to group different types of trajectory for 2007–2011
        
        Individual trajectories
        
        Built by computing the presence of situations of temporary employment, unemployment, and inactivity during the five years considered
        
        Analyzed
        
        Allows to comparatively situate and contextualize within the whole population the trajectories of the sub- sample of cases between 20 and 40 years (510 cases), with which we later have performed a multinomial logit model
      - Development of a multinomial logit model, using as the dependent variable the types of trajectory identified by the cluster analysis
        
        Correlation analysis and contingency tables
        
        to analyse the independent variables:
        
        Age
        
        Sex
        
        Educational level
        
        Occupational level
        
        Sector
        
        Number of employees in the company
        
        Type of organization (public, private, mixed and cooperative)
        
        Socioeconomic status of the father and mother
        
        Educational level of the father and mother
- - - - But a lot of population in this age group had trajectories marked by a lack of employment security
  - - - This was done to ensure a enough number of degrees of freedom in the model and because these trajectories were the closest in their characteristics
        
        The independent variables:
        
        Age
        
        Sex
        
        Educational level
        
        Sector of activity
        
        Socioeconomic status of the father and mother
        
        Educational level of the father
        
        The results shown put into question the idea that social background plays a role in securing a stable labour trajectory through the educational credentials
- - - - Sex and educational level are still, during the crisis, discriminating variables
        
        The high price in educational credentials paid in Spain in order to avoid the more precarious trajectories during the economic crisis
        
        But it seems that educational investment is no guarantee of stability because it only avoids the trajectories by unemployment and inactivity
        
        At a methodological level: these questions should be analysed by a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in order to better understand the different and complex dimensions involved