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Minerals: Calcium - Coggle Diagram

- - - - high amylase
      - cholesterol
      - liver enzymes from spilllover pathology
      - bilirubin
  - - - liver damage enzymes
      - blood glucose
      - bilirubin (anorexia)
  - - - PLE
      - grass tetany in cattle (mg deficient lush pasture)
  - - - secondary to lymphoplasmacytic parathyroiditis
    - - inappropriately normal or low
  - - - Dogs
      - horses
      - cows
  - - - glomerular barrier damage
      - hypoalbuminemia
    - - Ionized calcium can be variable
      - Severe tissue injury- translocates into cells
  - - - “LEAKY” GI TRACT
      - PROTEIN LOSING ENTEROPATHY?
- - - - 90% of dogs
        
        due to the PTH induced inhibition of renal tubular P resorption
        
        unless azotemic with reduced GFR = can have normal P)
  - - - cytokines
      - growth factors
      - hormones
    - - PTH related affects on phosphorous excretion, unless...
        
        hypercalcemia causes reduced GFR
        
        dehydration is present
    - - May be associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy
      - PTH-like activity
    - - not PTHrP mediated
  - - - chronic kidney disease on high calcium diets
      - phosphorus may be low
    - - Hypercalcemia is less common than hypocalcemia
      - When present, may be due to
        
        increased complexed
        
        ionized fractions
      - Phosphorus and magnesium are elevated due to decreased GFR