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Rangel Vanessa Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Rangel Vanessa Reproductive System
Hormones of reproductive system
Male
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)- stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- @ puberty it stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production.
Inhibin- released by testes when high levels of testosterone
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)- released by hypothalamus in brain which stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. (triggered by low levels of testosterone)
Testosterone
- stimulates reproductive organ development and sex drive
Female
GnRH- released by hypothalamus in brain which stimulates anterior pituitary gland
FSH- stimulates the development/maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
LH- spike of hormone that triggers ovulation of most mature follicle
Estrogen
- primary sex hormone (thickens uterine wall, high levels causes release of LH and GnRH)
progesterone- triggers suppression of hypothalamus (stimulates development of lining of uterine wall)
Major functions of reproductive
Male
produces and spreads large amounts of male gametes.
Ductus System- Delivery of male sperm
helps complete the process of fertilization (fusion of egg and sperm to produce zygote)
Female
production of egg and preparation for supporting embryo during pregnancy
ductus system- delivery of female gamete (egg)
production of ova/egg cells (oogenesis)
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Tunica albuginea- capsule surrounding the testes
Sperm
head- contains nucleus and DNA
midpiece- contains mitochondria
Propels- spermatocyte
Spermatogenesis- production of cells (begins at puberty)
Testes- tightly coiled structure (sperm producing organ)
Sertoli cells- provide nutrients and supportive function
penis- tubular organ passes/conducts urine to outside
Vas deferens- (aka Ductus Deferens) carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Ovarian cycle
Follicular phase
(Day 1-14) extends from beginning of menstruation until ovulation
-FSH causes follicular cells to develop into primary follicule
-Only ONE follicle becomes Graafian follicle
Ovulation
(Day 14)Triggered by spike of LH, caused by inc. in estrogen
-slight rise in progesterone before ovulation causing basal body temp to change
Luteal phase
(Day 15-28) follicle expels oocyte, empty shell becomes corpus leutum
-absence of pregnancy causes corpus leutum to become corpus albicans causing hormone levels to decrease
Uterine/menstrual cycle
Menstration
(Day 1-5) Bleeding for a weekish
-decline of estrogen/progesterone
Proliferative phase
(Day 6-14)Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels which thickens endometrium to allow ovulated egg to be caught for implantation
Secretory phase
(Day 15-28) uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
-uterus glands enlarge and secrete nutrients for embryo
-if not pregnant, period starts again
Anatomy
of female reproductive structures
oogenesis- producing of ova/egg cells (total supply of eggs are present at birth)
ovaries- female gonad (almond shaped)
suspensory ligaments- secure ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
Uterus- receive/nourish fertilized egg
Walls of uterus
Endometrium- inner layer(allows implantation of fert. egg)
Myometrium- middle layer of smooth muscle
perimetrium- outer visceral layer
Vagina- birth canal (accepts penis during sex)
Disorders associated with
reproductive system
Gonorrhea
- caused by bacteria (spread through close sexual contact)
-symptoms (burning when urinating and in females bleeding between periods)
Chlamydia
- (most common) -caused by bacteria (female symptoms- white grey vaginal discharge; males- pain/swelling testies and discharge from penis)
Syphilis
-caused by bacteria (spread through direct contact with sore, semen and vaginal fluid)
-painful sores and rashes as well as fever/headache.
CAN ONLY BE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS NOT CURED
Herpes
- NO CURE -caused by herpes virus
AIDS
- caused by HIV and spread through sex, can be passed with needles
Genitial Warts
- caused by HPV and can take vaccine to prevent it (warts that are itchy and usually painless)
Pubic Lice
- parasite that looks like crabs (itchy and spread through lice)
Trichomoniasis
- caused by little parasite (more common in women) - itching at vagina opening and greenish discharge