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atmospheric pressure, air mass, Cyclone, wind, anticyclone - Coggle Diagram

- - - - equatorial low
        
        the polar highs
        
        the sub-tropical highs
        
        the sub-polar lows
        
        45°N and S latitudes
        
        convergence of westerlies and polar easterlies
        
        Iceland low and the Aleutian depression (Aleutian low)
        
        polar jet streams/ contrast between cold and warm air masses
        
        extra tropical cyclonic storms or lows’ (temperate cyclones or frontal cyclones)
        
        35°N and S
        
        most of the deserts are present
        
        anticyclonic
        
        horse latitudes
        
        80 – 90° N and S
        
        called Doldrums/ extremely calm air movements
        
        5°N and 5°S and 20°N and 20°S
        
        zone of convergence of trade winds
        
        absence of Surface winds/only vertical currents are found
        
        cumulonimbus clouds/ thunderstorms (convectional rainfall)
        
        cyclones are not formed/ because of ‘zero’ coriolis force
- - - - war between two air masses
      - Frontolysis
        
        one of the air masses win against the other
      - northern hemisphere anti-clockwise /southern hemisphere, clockwise direction/ due to Coriolis effect.
      - temperate cyclones or extra-tropical cyclones occur due to frontogenesis
  - - - cloudiness and precipitation
  - - - draw/unable to push against each other
      - Cumulonimbus clouds/ frontal precipitation
      - Cold Front
        
        warm air mass is completely uplifted by the cold air mass
        
        Cold front moves up to twice as quickly as warm fronts
        
        Warm Front
        
        active movement of warm air over cold air
        
        Frontolysis: warm air mass completely sits over the cold air mass
        
        causes precipitation/but temperature and wind direction changes are gradual
        
        cirrus, stratus and nimbus. [No cumulonimbus clouds as the gradient is gentle]
        
        Occluded Front
        
        mixture of cold front type and warm front type weather
        
        formation Mid-latitude cyclones [temperate cyclones or extra-tropical cyclones]
        
        narrow precipitation/ summer months thunderstorms/ USA tornadoes
        
        cirrus clouds/ denser altocumulous
- - - - Arctic basin, northern North America, Eurasia and Antarctica
      - dry, cold and stable conditions.
    - - oceans between 40° and 60° latitudes
      - cool, moist and unstable
  - - - tropical and sub-tropical deserts of Sahara in Africa, and of West Asia and Australia
      - dry, hot and stable
    - - tropics and sub-tropics such as Mexican Gulf, the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans
      - warm, humid and unstable
- - - - Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27° C
      - Presence of the Coriolis force
      - Small variations in the vertical wind speed
      - A pre-existing weak low- pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation
      - Upper divergence above the sea level system
    - - Typhoons in the China Sea and Pacific Ocean
      - Hurricanes in the West Indian islands in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
      - Willy-willies in north-western Australia
      - Tornados in the Guinea lands of West Africa and southern USA
      - Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean
  - - - polar front
        
        warm-humid air masses from the tropics meet the dry-cold air masses from the poles
      - warm air mass is pushed up
      - Occluded front
        
        If an air mass is fully lifted above the land surface
- - - - violent storms and bad weather
- - - - direction : vertical to isobar due to coriolis force deflected
        
        feral low/ in N-R/ S-L