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Unit 1 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 1
Unit 1.2
Paper and Boards
Layout Paper - Thin translucent paper with a smooth surface - Sketching, quick ink
Cartridge Paper - Off-white paper usually with a slightly textured surface - Sketching, rendering in pencil
Tracing Paper - Translucent paper slightly thicker than layout paper - For copying images when sketching
Treated Paper - Plain paper with a clear binder or dye layer applied to help hold the image on the paper surface - Photographic printing
Bleed-proof paper - Similar to cartridge paper but has a layer on one side so colours do not run - Spirit-based marker rendering
Watercolour Paper - Available in absorbent, smooth, hot-pressed or the more textured cold-pressed and heavily textured rough - Watercolour painting
Corrugated Card - Usually with carton board outer layers and a corrugated middle layer, giving the material the ability to provide protection against impact - Protective packaging, model making
Bleached Card - Chemically treated to brighten the surface to make it suitable for high quality printing - Greeting cards
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Duplex Card - Made of two layers of paper, with the exterior often coated to make it more water resistant and to give it a glossy sheen and waxy feel - Food packaging, plates
Foil backed and laminated card - Card with polymer film or foil to either one side or bath sides to provide a water resistant or heat insulating layer - Drinks packaging, milk cartons
Metal effect card - High quality card with a thin metal effect layer applied to the outer surface for enhanced aesthetics - Gift boxes, metal business cards
Moulded paper pulp - Recycled paper pulp moulded when wet and dried to a specific shape - Eco-friendly packaging
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Woods
Hardwoods
Oak - Hard, tough, attractive grain, good weather resistance - Furniture, flooring
Ash - Tough, attractive open grain, flexible - Tool handles, ladders
Mahogany - Interlocking grain, making it hard to work with - Indoor furniture, shop fittings
Teak - Hard, tough, straight grain, natural oil resists moisture - Outdoor furniture, boat decking
Birch - Hard, straight close grained, resists warping - Furniture, indoor panelling
Beech - Tough, close grained, hard - Chairs, chopping boards
Softwoods
Pine - Straight grain, knotty, can contain resinous knots - Construction work
Spruce - Straight grain, resistant to splitting - Indoor furniture
Douglas fir - Straight or slightly wavy grain, few knots, stable, good resistance to corrosion - Veneers, plywood construction
Larch - Hard, tough, attractive grain pattern, good resistance to moisture - Garden furniture
Cedar - Straight grain, can corrode ferrous models due to acidic nature - Exterior cladding, sheds
Manufactured Boards
Plywood - Thing layers of wood are placed and glued at 90 degrees and compressed - Structural work, desk tops
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Aeroply - Plywood made from high quality timber such as birch. Lightweight, easy to frame - Gliders, laminated furniture
Flexible plywood - An odd number of layers glued together with the two outer layers made from open grained timber - Laminated furniture
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MDF - Compressed wood fibres, sometimes urea formaldehyde is added as a resin, has two smooth faces, available in either standard grade or veneered with a layer of timber - Model making
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MF laminates - Thin sheets of MF polymer, hard, tough, chemical resistant - Decorative covering for chipboard for kitchen worktops
Seasoning
Air seasoning - Traditional, inexpensive method which involves stacking the wood under a shelter, protected from the rain. Air circulates between the planks to slowly remove the excess moisture. Air-seasoned wood is used for outdoor wooden products because it is seasoned to the same moisture content as its surrounding and therefore the wood will be less prone to defects.
Kiln Seasoning- More expensive but controlled method which is very quick and can take just a few weeks. Planks are stacked onto trolleys and placed in the kiln where both temperature and humidity are controlled. Initially, the kiln atmosphere is very steamy but this is gradually changed to become hotter and drier. Indoor products such as furniture will use kiln-seasoned wood because it has been seasoned to meet indoor conditions and will have a lower moisture content that air-dried wood
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Metals
Non-ferrous
Aluminium - Lightweight, ductile, malleable - Drinks cans
Copper - Ductile, malleable - Electrical wire
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Silver - Malleable, ductile, soldered - Jewellery
Gold - Ductile, malleable, corrosion resistant - Jewellery, electrical components
Titanium - Hard, lightweight - Aircrafts, golf clubs
Tin - Ductile, malleable, corrosion resistant - Soft solder
Ferrous
Low carbon steel - Ductile, malleable, tough - Nuts, bolts
Medium carbon steel - Harder than low carbon steel but less ductile, ductile, malleable - Springs, gardening tools
Cast iron - Hard outer skin, brittle core - Disc brakes, machine parts
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