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Reproductive System Isabelle Blanco p.5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Isabelle Blanco p.5
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Male
produce, maintain, and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen)
discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during intercourse
nurture the developing offspring
Female
produce eggs (ova) to be fertilized, secreting sex hormones (such as estrogen)
providing a site for fertilization, gestating a fetus if fertilization occurs
female reproductive system also has the structures necessary to allow sperm from a man to meet the ova of a woman
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
made up of the vulva, the vagina, the cervix, the uterus, the fallopian tubes and the ovaries
Vagina- muscular tube receives the penis during intercourse and through it a baby leaves the uterus during childbirth
Uterus-holds and nourishes a developing fetus, if an egg was properly fertilized
Ovaries- female gonads, they produce ova
Fallopian tubes- small tubes transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus, where an egg waits to be fertilize.
Hormones of the reproductive system
Female
sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone
production of these hormones mainly occurs in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and, during pregnancy, the placenta
sex hormones influence body weight, hair growth, and bone and muscle growth
Male
Follicle-stimulating hormone is necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis)
luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of testosterone, which is also needed to make sperm.
Testosterone is the main sex hormone found in men, controls male physical features, the testes (testicles) make testosterone
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
includes the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles
testes are the primary male reproductive organ and are responsible for testosterone and sperm production
Mostly located outside the body, these are external organs
Events of the female hormonal cycles
The four phases of the menstrual cycle are menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase
Menstruation-period—the shedding of the uterine lining, levels of estrogen and progesterone are low
Follicular phase- time between the first day of the period and ovulation, estrogen rises as an egg prepares to be released
Ovulation- release of the egg from the ovary, mid-cycle, estrogen peaks before, then drops after
luteal phase- time between ovulation and before the start of menstruation, when the body prepares for a possible pregnancy.
secretory phase- uterine lining produces chemicals that will either help support an early pregnancy or will prepare the lining to break down and shed if pregnancy doesn’t occur
Disorders associated with reproductive system
Reproductive disorders are diseases including reproductive tract infections, congenital abnormalities, cancers of the reproductive system and sexual dysfunction
Hiv/Aids- the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV affects specific cells of the immune system (called CD4 cells
Symptoms- painful & heavy menstrual flow, bleeding between periods; feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen; frequent urination
testicular cancer- testes are the paired reproductive organs in the scrotum that produce sperm and secrete testosterone