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What were significant events in each of these wars : China (Mao), Korea,…

- - - - North Vietnam communist
        
        Viet Cong = communist allies in South Vietnam
        
        Soviet Union and other communist countries supported North Vietnam and communism in Vietnam
      - South Vietnam democracy
        
        United States supported South Vietnam with democracy.
  - - - After Battle of Dien Bien Phu, he was recognized as South Vietnma ruler.
      - Son of vassal of the French colonial regime
      - No role and distrustful
      - 1955, Bao Dai retired and returned to France since a national referendum called the country to become republic.
    - - United States declared him as South Vietnam President.
      - Catholic Nacionalist
        
        His own Catholicism in South Vietnam
      - Discrimination toward Buddhists.
        
        Buddhists did protest toward his rule
      - He had influence of communists
      - Often killed people.
      - 1963,United States saw his unpopularity and what he did, they murdered his brother and him.
    - - General of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Governmental Military (ARVN)
      - Becomes as South Vietnam president in 1965
      - He ruled until the end of Vietnam War.
      - He got support from U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon
  - - - Rise of Ho Chi Minh
      - Got supply economically and military aid from The People's Republic of China and Soviet Union.
      - Established league for the Independence of
        Vietnam, known as Viet Minh
      - Ho Chi Minh declared Independence on September 2, 1945. After Japan's surrender on WWII.
      - France disagreed with their Independence, Viet Minh was ready to have warfare with France. Known as "Battle of Dien Bien Phu"
        
        France defeated
      - Died by heart attack in 1969
      - Ho Chi Minh Trail
        
        Route through Laos and Cambodia to South Vietnam
        
        it was created to guerrilla attack against Diem's government in South
        
        It got expanded and enhanced during the Vietnam War
    - - When Ho Chi Minh had facing failing helath, Le Duan was recognized as the head of rulling North Vietnam's communist party.
  - - - Highest Americans death (543 Americans)
  - - - President Nixon signs PAris Peace Accords to stop the direct U.S. involvement in Vietnam War.
      - North vietnam returns 591 American Prisoners
    - - 1975 President Ford rules out U.S. millitary involvement in Vietnam War.
    - - Capital of South Vietnam is seized by communist forces.
      - South Vietnam surrenders
      - North and South Vietnam are formally unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam under hardline communist rule
- - - - Also known as the Shanghai Massacre
        
        trigger to war, both parties wanting to sovereign government of China
  - - - Form of communism developed by Mao Zedong. A belief to capture State power through a combination of armed insurgency, mass mobilization, and strategic alliances.
    - - armed forces of the Communist party
  - - - Mao wanted to revitalize China's economy into a communist society.
        
        created a new program called "The Great Leap Forward"
        
        promoted labor-intensive production
        
        less reliant in technology and expensive machinery to capitalize on China's huge labor supply
        
        goal: increase output at all levels through a program suited to China's unique economic and social structure
        
        Effects: There was poor organization, unrealistic planning, poor harvests, lack of communication between rural and urban areas, which later led to a widespread famine and drop in production
        
        Strained relation between China and the Soviet Union ---> permanent break between the two powers.
  - - - Japanese invasion caused chinese war to last longer
        
        After WWII, the CPC was heavily funded by the Soviet Union.
  - - - The CPC captured Beijing and Nanjing and declared victory
        
        Mao announced the formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and established their own government called the Republic of China.
        
        the GMD government retreats since Nanjing was the capital of their government
  - - - resulting in Nationalist victory
    - - Mao and the CPC army had to retreat after their loss
      - The red army attempted to escape from the south to the north and west, which lasted an entire year
        
        It began Mao Zedongs rise to power as he led troops
- - - - Known as the Forgotten War in the United States due to the lack of attention it received.
        
        The U.S. spent around $67 billion on the war.
      - First war in which the UN took a role.
      - 16 countries sent troops and 41 sent equipment or aid to South Korea.
        
        The U.S. sent about 90% of the troops.
  - - - 1948
        
        The Soviet Union occupied the North of the 38th parallel.
        
        The United States occupied the South of the 38th parallel.
        
        Two countries with opposing ideologies are established: The Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People's of Korea (North Korea).
  - - - The Soviet Union opposes to the decision made by the General Assembly of the United Nations to approve elections to be held throughout Korea to choose a provisional government for the entire country.
      - May 10, 1948
        
        South Korea elects a national assembly, setting up the South Korean government which North Korea refuses to be a part of. This capitalist state is established under the authoritarian leadership of Syngman Rhee.
        
        September 9, 1948
        
        North Korean Communists establish the Democratic People's of Korea (North Korea). This socialist state is established under the totalitarian leadership of Kim Il-Sung.
        
        June 25, 1950
        
        135,000 soldiers from the communist North Korean People's Army (NKPA) cross the 38th parallel and invade the Republic of Korea (ROK). They are supplied and advised by the Soviet Union.
        
        The Security Council (UN) denounces North Korea's actions and calls for a cessation of hostilities and withdrawal of the NKPA.
        
        June 26, 1950
        
        Harry S. Truman (U.S. President) directs General Douglas MacArthur to evacuate American dependents from Korea and to assist the ROK Army.
        
        June 30, 1950
        
        Truman orders ground troops into action.
        
        July 5, 1950
        
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  - - - July 5
        
        Battle of Osan
        
        540 soldiers of the Task Force Smith (U.S.) is sent south of Seoul to delay North Korean troops until additional forces could arrive. U.S. retreats.
      - July 14-21
        
        Battle of Taejon
        
        North Korea attacks and the South Korean and U.S. troops have to withdraw.
      - August 4-September 18
        
        Battle of Busan Perimeter
        
        United Nations troops defend a perimeter around the city of Pusan. North Korea retreats. Furthest North Korea advanced during the entire war.
      - September 15-19
        
        Battle of Incheon
        
        Surprise invasion led by General MacArthur one hundred miles behind enemy lines leads to United Nations victory, a brilliant success allowing for the attempt to retake Seoul.
      - September 22-25
        
        Second Battle of Seoul
        
        United Nations victory liberates the South Korean capital after three months of capture.
      - October 25-29
        
        Battle of Onjong, North Korea
        
        One of the first major battles in the First Phase Campaign after China entered the Korea War. South Korean and United Nations troops cross the 38th parallel north. China and North Korea win.
      - 1951
        
        1952
        
        1953
        
        March 23-July 11
        
        Battle for Pork Chop Hill
        
        Part of the U.S. Seventh Infantry Division Sector since December 29, 1952, Pork Chop Hill saw two main battles over a four month stretch. The first, beginning April 16, saw a Chinese attack, then UN counterattack, which secured the hill for the United States and its allies. On July 6, the Chinese attacked again, and despite UN troop counterattacks, the UN would eventually abandon the hill on July 11. Aftermath of battle during this period of armistice negotiations caused consternation among public as there was little tactical or strategic advantages gained by the fighting.
        
        June 26, 1952-March 26, 1953
        
        Battle of Old Baldy
        
        May 28-29
        
        Third Battle of the Hook
        
        Battle near Kaesong, North Korea as China tried to maintain or extend territory prior to a potential 1953 ceasefire and armistice agreement. Heavy bombardment of British position followed by assault with 5 to 1 China advantage led to a two day battle with United Nations troops retaining position at end of the second day.
        
        June 10-18
        
        Battle for Outpost Harry
        
        China attempts to capture small outpost sixty miles north of Seoul and fails.
        
        July 13-27
        
        Battle of Kumsong River
        
        Last major battle of the war which took place after South Korea refused to take part in the peace negotiations between the Communist forces and the United Nations. China took to the offense against the Kumsong River and gained victory.
        
        July 24-26
        
        Battle of Samichon River
        
        Battle along the Hook in the final days of the war with Chinese attack to gain a final victory before armistice is signed. Ended with United Nations victory.
        
        June 26, 1952-March 26, 1953
        
        Battle of Old Baldy
        
        Five battles for Hill 266 in south-central Korea thought critical because it commanded viewpoints in three directions.
        
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        October 6-15
        
        Battle of White Horse
        
        Battle for a hilltop along a strategic transportation route northwest of Cheorwon, it was occupied at the start of the battle by the United States, but changed hands 24 times over ten days. At the end of the battle, the United States was still in possession.
        
        October 14-November 25
        
        Battle of Triangle Hill
        
        In attempt to gain control of the Iron Triangle Area, United States and its United Nations allies fight a protracted battle with repeated attempts to take Triangle Hill and Sniper Ridge. China retained Triangle Hill after forty-two days of fighting. Most costly battle of 1952.
        
        December 31,1950-January 7,1951
        
        Third Battle of Seoul
        
        February 20-March 6
        
        Operation Killer
        
        Operation south of the Arizona line, Yangpyoeng to Hoengsong that followed Operation Roundup, the first counter offensive against the China and North Korean forces that had taken Seoul and stretched their logistics. United Nations victory.
        
        March 7-April 4
        
        Fourth Battle of Seoul
        
        Known as Operation Ripper under the command of General Ridgway to remove Chinese and North Korean troops from Seoul, Chuncheon, and south of the 38th parallel. Preceded by the largest bombardment of the Korean War, achieved its objective of removing enemy troops to the parallel and recapturing Seoul, but did not destroy Chinese forces and equipment. The population of Seoul was down to 200,000 from its pre-war total of 1,500,000.
        
        April 22-25
        
        Battle of the Imjin River
        
        Chinese attempt, with superior forces, to break through the United Nations line at the Imjin River and recapture Seoul.
        
        Battle of Kapyong
        
        United Nations forces led by the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade, and including the U.S. Fifth Cavalry, blocks the Chinese Spring Offensive from moving south. Considered the most famous action of Australian and Canadian troops in the war.
        
        August 18-September 5
        
        Battle of Bloody Ridge
        
        Considered the first battle after an armistice was being negotiated. Battle in the mountains north of the 38th parallel saw attacks and counterattacks by both sides occurred until United Nations forces made North Korea retreat.
        
        August 31-September 21
        
        Battle of the Punchbowl
        
        Short United Nations offensive after armistice talks broke down in August to gain better defensive lines near Haean. Tactical United Nations victory,
        
        September 13-October 15
        
        Battle of Heartbreak Ridge
        
        Battle for hills seven miles north of Bloody Ridge. United Nations victory.
      - October 25-November 1
        
        Battle of Unson, North Korea
        
        Accidental first encounter between USA and China troops in the Korean War leads to one of the most devastating losses by the United States in the war (1700 soldiers).
      - November 25-December 2
        
        Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River
        
        General MacArthur's campaign to evict China from North Korea after their successful First Phase Campaign. A surprise counteroffensive by Chinese forces eventually forces United Nations forces to evacuate North Korea back to the 38th parallel, allowing China and North Korea to take back full control of North Korean territory in the decisive victory. U.N. would propose a ceasefire to China on December 11. China disagreed.
      - November 27 - December 13
        
        Battle of Chosin Reservoir
        
        Chinese surprise attack leads to victory and withdrawal of United Nations forces from Northeast Korea, but comes with heavy casualties, which reduced capacity to fight for six months.
      - December 31, 1950 - January 7, 1951
        
        Third Battle of Seoul
        
        Chinese army attacks the 38th parallel, breaching United Nations troops positions, and causes them to evacuate. Chinese take control of Seoul.