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Haemolytic anaemia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - onset usually in 1st 3 d of life
      - worldwide this is the most common cause of severe neonatal jaundice requiring exchange transfusion
    - - precipitated by...
        
        infection most commonly
        
        drugs
        
        Antimalarials - primaquine, quinine, chloroquine
        
        antibiotics - sulphonamides, quinolines, nitrofurantoin
        
        high doses of aspirin
        
        fava aka broad beans
        
        naphthalene in mothballs
      - predominantly intravasc
      - fever, malaise, dark urine
      - Hb falls rapidly - may drop to below 5 over 24-48hr
  - - - during a haemolytic crisis activity may be mistakenly elevated due to high enzyme concentration in reticulocytes
        
        repeat assay required in the steady state
- - - - anti-D (rhesus)
      - ABO incompatibility (anti-A or ant-B)
      - mother antigen -ve, baby +ve
      - mother makes abs which cross placenta
      - +ve direct anti-globulin (Coombs) test - only +ve in ab-mediated haemolytic anaemia
  - - - rarely present in neonatal period (apart from a thalassaemia)
      - detected on heelprick