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Characteristics of urban slums - Coggle Diagram
Characteristics of urban slums
Lack of access to improved water source
improved drinking water source → protected from outside contamination (faecal matter's contamination)
piped water into dwelling
public tap / standpipe
protected dug well
protected spring
rainwater collection
poor / unclean sanitation facilities → high levels of malaria and diarrhoea rates → reduce child mortality
unprotected wells
unprotected springs
water provided by small tanks and drums
surface water taken directly from water bodies
Lack of access to improved sanitation facilities
improved facilities → hygienically separates human waste from human contact
flush toilets connected to sewer
ventilated improved pit latrines
pit latrines with a slab or platform that covers the pit completely
composting toilets / latrines
unimproved facilities
flush toilets / latrines discharged directly into open sewer
pit latrines without slab
bucket latrines
hanging toilets or latrines directly discharged into water bodies
open pooping in the bush, field or bodies of water
Lack of sufficient living areas
sufficient living area → house → not more than three people share the same habitable room (minimum of four square metres in area)
Lack of space in slums
Lack of Privacy in slums
Lack of housing durability
durable house → built on non-hazardous location and has a permanent and adequate structure → able to protect inhabitants from extreme climatic conditions
precarious quality of slum constructions → dwellings made up of iron sheets, wood and mud floors → most characteristic features of slums
Lack of security of tenure
secure tenure → right to effective protection by the law against arbitrary unlawful evictions
proof of secure tenure → de facto or perceived protection against forced evictions