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History - Yr10 - Coggle Diagram
History - Yr10
Start of WWII in Europe
• 23rd of August, 1939 – Molotov Ribbentrop Pact Signed – Germany and Russia
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• 1st of September, 1939 – Hitler invades Poland
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• By the end of September, German Army had control over Poland
• In November, Stalin invades Finland
• Germany won largely thanks to the tactic known as Blitzkrieg, which means ‘lightning war’
o They would send tanks out to quickly overwhelm the enemy, then they would constantly push back the enemy forces, as the other soldiers follow behind
Western Front
• From the fall of 1939 to Spring of 1940, war in Europe was known as the phoney war because no major activity occurred
• Attack on France begins in May, 1940 as Germany went through the low countries to France.
• By June, allied forces are evacuated from French town of Dunkirk to England
• Paris is occupied June 14th, 1940
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Battle of Britain
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o The German Luftwaffe had 2,800 aircraft, which outnumbered the Royal Air Force (RAF) four to one.
• August 1940, German begin to bomb Southern England.
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The Blitz
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• Between September 1940, may to 1941 about two million houses (most in London) were destroyed and 60,000 civilians were killed.
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The Eastern Front
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• Attack begins June 22, 1941, breaking the non- aggression pact.
• Stalin did not believe an invasion would occur until 1942, when both England and France would be defeated.
o Total of 3,400 tanks and 3 million men used in the German invasion.
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Seige of Leningrad
• September 8th, 1941- January 27th, 1944
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• Two hundred thousand Red Army defenders protect 3,000,000 inhabitants
• With the help of the Finnish, German Army invades 2nd largest city in USSR
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• In 1942, 650,000 died during the siege
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Battle of Stalingrad
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• Goal was to take oil fields and control communication lines. Final target was to take the city of Baku.
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• Gen. Von Paulus surrenders, 91,000 Germans taken prisoner
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• Battle was hand to hand combat, street by street. Over 2 million soldiers involved
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The Phoney War
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Germany, France and Britain were officially at war from October 1939 up until April 1940 there were no major battle
April 1940, when Germany attacked and defeated
Denmark and Norway.
first two years of the war, Nazi Germany
and its allies enjoyed considerable military success
Key concepts
Cause and Effect
Cause and effect aims to identify the reasons why events have occurred and the resulting consequences from it.
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Continuity and Change
Historians recognise that over time some things stay the same, while others change.
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Evidence
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Primary sources- sources that were created at the time of the event. Might include bones, letters, art, tools.
Secondary sources- these are reconstructions of the past by people living at a later time. Might include books, articles, models, documentary films.
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Empathy
Empathy is the ability to ‘walk in someone else’s shoes’- to be aware of, and sensitive to, their feelings, thoughts and experiences
Significance
Significant relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past, such as events, discoveries, people and historical sites
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Causes of WW2
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The Great Depression
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-Companies closed down, unemployment increased
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• Workers went on strike, German currency depreciated in value, and the economy suffered as foreign investors moved their money out of Germany
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The Treaty of Versailles
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Military Restrictions: conscription banned, German air force disbanded, production of weapons limited, limited army to 100,000 men
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Colonies: German colonies were divided between allies. Germany territory was given to neighbouring nations
League of Nations: organisation formed with the aim of preventing another war and maintaining world peace
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Appeasement
Policy of Appeasement
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• The British and French response to these events was to tolerate them, known as a policy of Appeasement.
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Appeasement
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• 1838 Hitler demanded the Sudetenland region in Czechoslovakia be returned to Germany and agreed to not make any further claims on territory in Europe – Representatives from Britain. France and Italy agreed.
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Roaring 1920s
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-Inventions- vacuums, washing machines etc. were hot commodities
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Women in war
IN the war
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• As Australia became more involved on the war and need for men and resources grew higher, women were given the opportunity to take more on
• Women were not sent overseas to fights, but trained in many of the home fronts tasks so that servicemen could be freed up to join overseas forces
End of the war
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• Some involved in traditional men’s roles, as signallers, truck and ambulance drivers, wireless telegraphers or aircraft ground staff
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Before the war
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• Women maintained a fairly standard, underappreciated lifestyle.
• Middle class women could only be trained as nurses and teachers and were forced to give up their jobs after marriage.
• Married middle class women were expected to be home makers, raise their children and look after their husbands whom they solely depended on.
• The idea of middle class married women working was frowned upon, as it was perceived as a threat to the jobs of men.
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Aftermath of WW1
End of WW1
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• Immediately after the war ended, in 1918, the world was hit with the Spanish flu pandemic
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-Death of over 30 million people, mostly aged 20-40 years old
Treaty of Versailles
• January 1919 the leaders of 32 nations met at Paris Peace Conference to come up with a plan for rebuilding Europe and ensuring ongoing peace.
• Conference was dominated by the leaders of the four major powers (Britain, French, America and Italy)
-France wanted revenge and compensation for the damages done and wanted to weaken Germany so it would never be able to take up arms again.
-America wanted to achieve lasting peace with a treaty that punished Germany, but not too harshly that they would want revenge one day.
• The treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28 , 1919
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-Germany knew that if they did not sign, troops would invade Germany and they did not have the resources to stop them
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League of Nations
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• Idea was suggested by Us President Wilson; however, USA did not join as the American people did not want to get involved in European affairs.
• LON had some success, however, it failed in preventing another war from starting.
